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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Geophysical Research. Biogeosciences >AN ASSESSMENT OF THE RADIATIVE EFFECTS OF ANTHROPOGENIC SULFATE
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AN ASSESSMENT OF THE RADIATIVE EFFECTS OF ANTHROPOGENIC SULFATE

机译：拟人源性硫酸盐的辐射作用评估

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We use a coupled climate/chemistry model with cloud nucleation processes parameterized in terms of local aerosol number, anthropogenic sulfate mass concentration, and updraft velocity to investigate both direct and indirect anthropogenic sulfate radiative forcings. We estimate that the global direct radiative forcing is about -0.4 W m(-2) with a maximum over Europe where the strongest anthropogenic sulfur emissions occur. With different approaches for the formation of anthropogenic sulfate and its relation to aerosol size distribution, we estimate that the indirect forcing may range from -0.6 to -1.6 W m(-2). This range reduces to -0.4 to -1.1 W m(-2) if a prescribed marine background particle number concentration is universally applied over the ocean. Contrary to the direct effect which is mote significant over continents, the calculated maximum of indirect forcing is located over the Atlantic Ocean near the coastline of North America. Our simulations indicate that anthropogenic sulfate may result in important increases in reflected Solar radiation, which would mask locally the warming from increased greenhouse gases. We also compare the simulated cloud drop effective radii with those retrieved from satellite data to validate the accuracy of our cloud drop parameterization. [References: 77]
机译：我们使用气候/化学耦合模型，通过局部气溶胶数量，人为硫酸盐质量浓度和上升气流速度对云成核过程进行参数化研究，研究直接和间接的人为硫酸盐辐射强迫。我们估计，全球直接辐射强迫约为-0.4 W m（-2），在发生人为硫排放最强的欧洲最高。用不同的方法来生成人为硫酸盐及其与气溶胶粒径分布的关系，我们估计间接强迫可能在-0.6至-1.6 W m（-2）的范围内。如果在海洋上普遍使用规定的海洋本底粒子数浓度，则该范围减小到-0.4至-1.1 W m（-2）。与在各个大陆上产生明显影响的直接影响相反，计算得出的间接强迫最大值位于北美洲海岸线附近的大西洋上空。我们的模拟表明，人为产生的硫酸盐可能会导致反射太阳辐射的大量增加，这将局部掩盖温室气体增加带来的变暖。我们还将模拟的云滴有效半径与从卫星数据中检索到的有效半径进行比较，以验证我们的云滴参数化的准确性。 [参考：77]

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