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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Geophysical Research. Biogeosciences >EFFECT OF VEGETATION ON AN ICE-AGE CLIMATE MODEL SIMULATION [Review]
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EFFECT OF VEGETATION ON AN ICE-AGE CLIMATE MODEL SIMULATION [Review]

机译：植被对冰河时期气候模式模拟的影响[综述]

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A growing number of studies suggest that vegetation changes can significantly influence regional climate variations. Herein we utilize a climate model (GENESIS) with a land surface vegetation package to evaluate the potential role of the very large vegetation changes that occurred during the last glacial maximum (LGM), In particular, we focus on the potential response to a significant reduction in the area of tropical rainforest. Simulations employed a global vegetation reconstruction for the LGM and Climate/Long-Range Investigation, Mapping and Prediction (CLIMAP) sea surface temperature (SST) estimates. Results indicate that expansion of dryland vegetation causes a 15-30% additional LGM cooling for Australia (0.4 degrees C) and Africa (0.9 degrees C), respectively, Turnover from conifer to tundra also causes cooling of 2 degrees-4 degrees C or mon in western Europe and Siberia. However, for the largest rainforest area (Amazon Basin), inclusion of realistic vegetation increased modeled temperatures 2 degrees-4 degrees C and decreased precipitation by 10-35%. These latter results are similar to those obtained with sensitivity experiments of the effects of future Amazon deforestation, Initial assessment of the potential effect of decreased stomatal resistance due to lower ice age CO2 levels indicates little significant response to this effect. Comparison of model-predicted low-elevation LGM temperature Changes with estimates from proxy data indicate that inclusion of realistic vegetation estimates for the LGM results in slightly more than 50% agreement between models and data for low-elevation sites in low-mid latitudes. Data at variance with model predictions would appear to be explainable by considering additional changes in vegetation, ice age dust, or a 1 degrees-2 degrees C cooling below CLIMAP values. This conclusion is at Variance with a 3 degrees-4 degrees C tropical cooling suggested by some studies for explaining estimated land temperature changes during the LGM. In some western European sites model temperatures are colder than proxy data by 2 degrees-8 degrees C. This model-data discrepancy may be explained by less sea ice in the subpolar North Atlantic than stipulated by CLIMAP, a conclusion consistent with new marine data from that region. [References: 148]
机译：越来越多的研究表明，植被变化可以显着影响区域气候变化。本文中，我们利用气候模型（GENESIS）和陆地表面植被包来评估在上一次冰川最大值（LGM）期间发生的非常大的植被变化的潜在作用，特别是，我们着重于对大幅度减少的潜在反应在热带雨林地区。模拟对LGM和气候/远距离调查，制图和预测（CLIMAP）海面温度（SST）进行了全球植被重建。结果表明，干旱地区植被的扩张分别使澳大利亚（0.4摄氏度）和非洲（0.9摄氏度）的LGM降温了15-30％。从针叶树到苔原的翻转也导致2摄氏度到4摄氏度或周一的降温。在西欧和西伯利亚。但是，对于最大的雨林地区（亚马逊河流域），包含真实的植被使模型温度升高了2摄氏度至4摄氏度，降水减少了10％至35％。后面的这些结果与通过对未来亚马逊森林砍伐的影响的敏感性实验获得的结果相似。对因冰河时期二氧化碳水平降低而导致的气孔阻力降低的潜在影响的初步评估表明，对该影响几乎没有明显反应。模型预测的低海拔LGM温度变化与来自代理数据的估计值的比较表明，将LGM的实际植被估计值包括在内，会使中低纬度低海拔站点的模型与数据之间的一致性略高于50％。通过考虑植被，冰期尘埃或低于CLIMAP值的1摄氏度至2摄氏度的其他变化，与模型预测不一致的数据似乎可以解释。一些研究认为，这一结论是在3摄氏度至4摄氏度的热带冷却方差下得出的，这些温度可以解释LGM期间估计的土地温度变化。在某些西欧站点，模型温度比代理数据要低2-8摄氏度。这种模型数据的差异可能是由于北大西洋次极海冰量少于CLIMAP所规定的，这一结论与来自新的海洋数据相一致。该地区。 [参考：148]

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