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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Geophysical Research. Biogeosciences >Propagation delays induced in GPS signals by dry air, water vapor, hydrometeors, and other particulates
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Propagation delays induced in GPS signals by dry air, water vapor, hydrometeors, and other particulates

机译：干燥的空气，水蒸气，水凝物和其他微粒在GPS信号中引起的传播延迟

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摘要

Dry air, water vapor, hydrometeors, and other particulates (sand, dust, aerosols, and volcanic ash) in the atmosphere introduce microwave propagation delays. These delays must be properly characterized to achieve the highest accuracy in surveying and atmospheric sensing using Global Positioning System (GPS) signals. In this paper we review the theory of microwave propagation delays induced by the above atmospheric constituents and estimate their maximum delays. Because the structure of atmospheric refractivity can be highly complex and difficult to model, and because measurement tools are unavailable for characterizing most of the refractive components, we use simplified examples to illustrate its effects. Our results show that propagation delays due to water vapor, cloud liquid, rain, and sandstorms can be significant in high-accuracy GPS applications. For instance, propagation through 1 km of heavy rain can induce 15-mm delays in L_1, and because delays due to scattering are dispersive and alias as ionospheric delays in L_3 processing, L_3 range errors are magnified to 20 mm. Depending upon the distribution of precipitation relative to configuration of GPS satellites, such unmodeled delays can induce horizontal and vertical errors of several centimeters.
机译：大气中的干燥空气，水蒸气，水凝物和其他微粒（沙，灰尘，气溶胶和火山灰）会导致微波传播延迟。必须适当表征这些延迟，以使用全球定位系统（GPS）信号实现最高的测量和大气感测精度。在本文中，我们回顾了由上述大气成分引起的微波传播延迟的理论，并估计了它们的最大延迟。由于大气折射率的结构可能非常复杂且难以建模，并且由于无法使用测量工具来表征大多数折射分量，因此我们使用简化示例来说明其影响。我们的结果表明，在高精度GPS应用中，由于水蒸气，云层液体，雨水和沙尘暴而引起的传播延迟可能会很大。例如，在1公里的暴雨中传播会在L_1中引起15毫米的延迟，并且由于散射引起的延迟是分散性的，并且像L_3处理中的电离层延迟一样，L_3范围误差会放大到20毫米。根据降水的分布（相对于GPS卫星的配置），这种未建模的延迟可能会引起数厘米的水平和垂直误差。

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