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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Geophysical Research. Biogeosciences >Land use change effects on trace gas fluxes in the forest margins of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
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Land use change effects on trace gas fluxes in the forest margins of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia

机译：印度尼西亚中苏拉威西省森林边缘土地利用变化对微量气体通量的影响

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Land use changes and land use intensification are considered important processes contributing to the increasing concentrations of the greenhouse gases nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) and of nitric oxide (NO), a precursor of ozone. Studies on the effects of land use changes and land use intensification on soil trace gas emissions were mostly conducted in Latin America and only very few in Asia. Here we present results from Central Sulawesi where profound changes in land use and cultivation practices take place: traditional agricultural practices like shifting cultivation and slash-and-burn agriculture are replaced by permanent cultivation systems and introduction of income-generating cash crops like cacao. Our results showed that N2O emissions were higher from cacao agroforestry (35 ± 10 μg N m2 h1) than maize (9 ± 2 μg N m2 h1), whereas intermediate rates were observed from secondary forests (25 ± 11 μg N m2 h1). NO emissions did not differ among land use systems, ranging from 12 ± 2 μg N m2 h1 for cacao agroforestry and secondary forest to 18 ± 2 μg N m2 h1 for maize. CH4 uptake was higher for maize (30 ± 4 μg C m2 h1) than cacao agroforestry (18 ± 2 μg C m2 h1) and intermediate rates were measured from secondary forests (25 ± 4 μg C m2 h1). Combining these data with results from other studies in this area, we present chronosequence effects of land use change on trace gas emissions from natural forest, through maize cultivation, to cacao agroforestry (with or without fertilizer). Compared to the original forests, this typical land use change in the study area clearly led to higher N2O emissions and lower CH4 uptake with age of cacao agroforestry systems. We conclude that this common land use sequence in the area combined with the increasing use of fertilizer will strongly increase soil trace gas emissions. We suggest that the future hot spot regions of high N2O (and to a lesser extend NO) emissions in the tropics are those areas where climatic and edaphic conditions allow for intensive agriculture. This scenario is probably preferable over the alternative of agriculture extensification, which would imply a dramatic increase in deforestation rates with accompanying CO2 emissions.
机译：土地利用变化和土地利用集约化被认为是导致温室气体一氧化二氮（N2O）和甲烷（CH4）以及一氧化氮（NO）（臭氧的前体）浓度增加的重要过程。关于土地利用变化和土地利用集约化对土壤微量气体排放的影响的研究大多在拉丁美洲进行，而在亚洲则很少。在这里，我们介绍中苏拉威西省的土地使用和耕作方式发生了深刻变化的结果：永久性耕作制度取代了传统的农业耕作方法，例如轮作耕种和刀耕火种农业，并引入了可可收入的经济作物。我们的结果表明，可可农林业的N2O排放量较高（35±10μgN m2 h1），比玉米（9±2μgN m2 h1）高，而次生林地（25±11μgN m2 h1）的排放率中等。在土地利用系统之间，NO排放没有差异，可可农林业和次生林的NO排放为12±2μgN m2 h1，玉米为18±2μgN m2 h1。玉米（30±4μgC m2 h1）比可可农林业（18±2μgC m2 h1）的CH4吸收量更高，并且从次生林（25±4μgC m2 h1）测得中等速率。将这些数据与该领域其他研究的结果相结合，我们呈现了土地利用变化对天然玉米，通过玉米种植，再到可可农林业（有或没有化肥）的微量气体排放的时间序列影响。与原始森林相比，研究区域中这种典型的土地利用变化显然导致可可农林业系统的年龄随着N2O排放的增加和CH4的吸收而降低。我们得出的结论是，该地区这种常见的土地利用顺序加上肥料的使用不断增加，将大大增加土壤微量气体的排放量。我们建议，热带地区未来N2O排放较高（以及NO的延伸程度较小）的热点地区是那些气候和土壤条件允许集约化农业的地区。这种方案可能比农业扩张的替代方案更为可取，因为这意味着伴随着二氧化碳的排放，森林砍伐率将大大提高。

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