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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Geophysical Research. Biogeosciences >Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere (CRISTA) experiment and middle atmosphere variability
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Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere (CRISTA) experiment and middle atmosphere variability

机译：用于大气（CRISTA）的低温红外光谱仪和望远镜以及中间大气的可变性

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摘要

The Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere (CRISTA) instrument was built to determine whether and to what extent small-scale structures in global trace gas distributions and in dynamics are present in the middle atmosphere. To achieve this, trace gases were measured in the middle infrared by the limb scan technique at the highest possible horizontal and vertical resolution. CRISTA uses three telescopes (i.e., three view directions) simultaneously, and has three grating spectrometers for the middle IR (4-14 #mu#m) and one spectrometer for the far IR (15-71 #mu#m). The optics and detectors are cooled to cryogenic temperatures by supercritical helium or subcooled helium, respectively, in a double cryostat. An instrument overview is given, and the design guidelines are sketched. The CRISTA experiment was flown on the space shuttle STS 66 as part of NASA mission ATLAS 3 on November 3-14, 1994. Orbit altitude was 300 km, and inclination was 57 deg. A campaign of ground-based, balloon, and rocket validation and complementary measurements was performed simultaneously. The CRISTA instrument performed flawlessly. A horizontal resolution of 200 km * 650 km was achieved at the equator, with higher horizontal resolution at higher latitudes. A vertical resolution of 2.5 km (or better) was obtained. The middle atmosphere was found to be highly variable at scales of < 1000 km in the stratosphere. Three streamers of tropic/subtropic air extending to higher latitudes are described. Their meridional scale is <= 1000 km, while the zonal scale is of the order of 10,000 km and more. The streamers appear to be typical of specific winter conditions and to play a role in meridional transport. At mesospheric heights a strong tidal temperature oscillation was observed which extended well into the lower thermosphere.
机译：构造用于大气的低温红外光谱仪和望远镜（CRISTA）是为了确定中层大气中是否存在以及在多大程度上小规模结构存在于全球痕量气体分布和动力学中。为此，通过肢体扫描技术在中红外中以尽可能高的水平和垂直分辨率测量了痕量气体。 CRISTA同时使用三台望远镜（即三个观察方向），并且具有用于中红外（4-14＃mu＃m）的三个光栅光谱仪和用于远红外（15-71＃mu＃m）的一个光谱仪。在双低温恒温器中，光学器件和检测器分别通过超临界氦气或过冷氦气冷却至低温。给出了仪器概述，并概述了设计指南。 1994年11月3日至14日，作为NASA任务ATLAS 3的一部分，CRISTA实验在STS 66航天飞机上进行。轨道高度为300 km，倾角为57度。同时进行了地面，气球和火箭验证以及补充测量的运动。 CRISTA仪器表现完美。在赤道实现了200 km * 650 km的水平分辨率，在更高的纬度上具有更高的水平分辨率。垂直分辨率为2.5 km（或更高）。发现平流层中层大气高度变化<1000 km。描述了延伸到较高纬度的三股热带/亚热带空气流。它们的子午线尺度小于等于1000 km，而纬向尺度则大于10,000 km。飘带似乎是特定冬季条件的典型特征，并在子午线运输中发挥作用。在中层高度，观测到强烈的潮汐温度振荡，该振荡很好地延伸到较低的热层。

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