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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Geophysical Research. Biogeosciences >Chemical ionization mass spectrometric measurements of SO2 emissions from jet engines in flight and test chamber operations
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Chemical ionization mass spectrometric measurements of SO2 emissions from jet engines in flight and test chamber operations

机译：化学电离质谱法测量飞行和测试舱操作中喷气发动机排放的SO2

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We report the results of two measurements of the concentrations and emission indices of gas-phase sulfur dioxide (EI(SO2)) in the exhaust of an F100-200E turbofan engine. The broad goals of both experiments were to obtain exhaust sulfur speciation and aerosol properties as a function of fuel sulfur content. In the first campaign, an instrumented NASA T-39 Sabreliner aircraft flew in close formation behind several F-16 fighter aircraft to obtain near-field plume composition and aerosol properties. In the second, an F-100 engine of the same type was installed in an altitude test chamber at NASA Glenn Research Center where gas composition and nonvolatile aerosol concentrations and size distributions were obtained at the exit plane of the engine. In both experiments, SO2 concentrations were measured with the Air Force Research Laboratory chemical ionization mass spectrometer as a function of altitude, engine power, and fuel sulfur content. A significant aspect of the program was the use of the same fuels, the same engine type, and many of the same diagnostics in both campaigns. Several different fuels were purchased specifically fur these experiments, including high-sulfur Jet A (similar to 1150 ppmm S), low-sulfur Jet A (similar to 10 ppmm S), medium-sulfur mixtures of these two fuels, and military JP-8 + 100 (similar to 170 and similar to 300 ppmm S). The agreement between the flight and test cell measurements of SO2 concentrations was excellent, showing an overall precision of better than +/-10% and an estimated absolute accuracy of +/-20%. The EI(SO2) varied from 2.49 g SO2/kg fuel for the high-sulfur fuel in the lest chamber to less than 0.01 g/kg for the lowest-sulfur fuel. No dependence of emission index on engine power, altitude or simulated altitude, separation distance or plume age, or the presence of contrails was observed. In all experiments the measured EI(SO2) was consistent with essentially all of the fuel sulfur appearing as gas-phase SO2 in the exhaust. However, accurate determination of S(IV) to S(VI) conversion was hampered by inconsistencies in the assays of total fuel sulfur content. [References: 66]
机译：我们报告了F100-200E涡轮风扇发动机排气中气相二氧化硫（EI（SO2））的浓度和排放指数的两次测量结果。这两个实验的主要目标是获得作为燃料硫含量的函数的排气硫形态和气溶胶特性。在第一个战役中，一架装有仪器的NASA T-39 Sabreliner飞机在几架F-16战斗机后面以紧密的编队飞行，以获得近场羽流成分和气溶胶特性。在第二个中，将相同类型的F-100发动机安装在NASA格伦研究中心的海拔测试室中，在那里从发动机出口平面获得气体成分，不挥发气溶胶浓度和尺寸分布。在这两个实验中，使用空军研究实验室化学电离质谱仪测量的SO2浓度是海拔，发动机功率和燃料硫含量的函数。该计划的重要方面是在两次运动中使用相同的燃料，相同的发动机类型以及许多相同的诊断方法。这些实验专门购买了几种不同的燃料，包括高硫Jet A（类似于1150 ppmm S），低硫Jet A（类似于10 ppmm S），这两种燃料的中硫混合物以及军用JP- 8 + 100（类似于170和类似于300 ppmm S）。飞行和测试室测量的SO2浓度之间的一致性非常好，显示总体精度优于+/- 10％，估计的绝对精度为+/- 20％。 EI（SO2）的变化范围从最小舱室中高硫燃料的2.49 g SO2 / kg燃料到最低硫燃料的小于0.01 g / kg。没有观察到排放指数对发动机功率，高度或模拟高度，分离距离或羽流年龄或是否存在凝结尾迹的依赖性。在所有实验中，测得的EI（SO2）基本上与所有燃料硫在排气中以气相SO2的形式出现是一致的。但是，总燃料硫含量的测定方法不一致，妨碍了S（IV）到S（VI）转化率的准确测定。 [参考：66]

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