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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Geophysical Research. Biogeosciences >Spatial modeling and prediction of snow-water equivalent using ground-based, airborne, and satellite snow data
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Spatial modeling and prediction of snow-water equivalent using ground-based, airborne, and satellite snow data

机译:利用地面,机载和卫星降雪数据对雪水当量进行空间建模和预测

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In this research we modify existing spatial interpolation methodologies so that we can use ground-based and remotely sensed (airborne and satellite) snow data to characterize the spatial distribution of snow-water equivalent (SWE) and obtain optimal gridded SWE predictions in the upper Mississippi River basin. We developed and tested the models using ground-based, airborne, and satellite snow data collected over North and South Dakota, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, and Michigan between march 3 and 6, 1996. Using these data and the spatial models, we obtained optimal gridded predictions of SWE and the associated root mean square prediction errors over a 5 min by 5 min grid covering Minnesota and parts of Wisconsin, North and South Dakota, Iowa, Michigan, and Canada. Because we use an optimal interpolation technique and incorporate satellite areal extent of snow cover data, the predictions are expected to be more accurate than those that would be obtained from interpolation procedures currently used by the National Weather Service. Maps of the gridded snow water equivalent predictions and of the associated error estimates provide a means to investigate the spatial distributions of the predictions and of the associated error estimates. Our research enables hydrologists and others not only to examine these spatial distributions but also to generate optimal gridded predictions of snow-water equivalent that will aid flood forecasting and water resource management efforts.
机译:在这项研究中,我们修改了现有的空间插值方法,以便我们可以使用基于地面和遥感(机载和卫星)的降雪数据来表征雪水当量(SWE)的空间分布,并在密西西比河上游获得最佳的网格化SWE预测流域。我们使用1996年3月3日至6日在北达科他州和南达科他州,明尼苏达州,威斯康星州,爱荷华州,伊利诺伊州和密歇根州收集的地面,空中和卫星降雪数据开发并测试了这些模型。使用这些数据和空间模型,我们在覆盖明尼苏达州和威斯康星州,威斯康星州,南北达科他州,爱荷华州,密歇根州和加拿大的部分地区的5分钟乘5分钟的网格上获得了SWE的最佳网格化预测以及相关的均方根预测误差。由于我们使用了最佳插值技术,并结合了卫星覆盖范围的积雪数据,因此,与从美国国家气象局当前使用的插值程序获得的预测相比,预测的准确性更高。网格化雪水当量预测和相关误差估计的地图提供了一种手段来研究预测和相关误差估计的空间分布。我们的研究使水文学家和其他人不仅可以检查这些空间分布,还可以生成雪水当量的最佳网格化预测,这将有助于洪水预报和水资源管理工作。

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