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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Geophysical Research. Biogeosciences >Horizontal wavenumber spectra of winds, temperature, and trace gases during the Pacific Exploratory Missions: 2. Gravity waves, quasi-two-dimensional turbulence, and vortical modes
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Horizontal wavenumber spectra of winds, temperature, and trace gases during the Pacific Exploratory Missions: 2. Gravity waves, quasi-two-dimensional turbulence, and vortical modes

机译：太平洋探索任务期间风，温度和微量气体的水平波数谱：2.重力波，准二维湍流和涡旋模

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摘要

We examine the horizontal wavenumber spectra of horizontal velocity and potential temperature collected by aircraft above the Pacific Ocean to determine whether gravity waves, quasi-two-dimensional (Q-2-D) turbulence, or vortical modes dominate atmospheric fluctuations at scale sizes of 1-100 km and altitudes of 2-12 km. We conclude from the study of Doppler-shifting effects that Q-2-D turbulence and/or vortical modes are more prevalent than gravity waves over the ocean, except in the equatorial zone. The results are consistent with recent numerical simulations of Q-2-D turbulence, which show that the characteristic inverse cascade of energy is greatly facilitated by the presence of background rotation. Furthermore, a Stokes-parameter analysis reveals the general paucity of coherent wavelike motions, although specific cases of gravity-wave propagation are observed. Finally, a case study of a long flight segment displays a k~(-3) horizontal velocity variance spectrum at scales longer than about 100 km. A Stokes-parameter analysis indicates that these large-scale fluctuations were likely due to vortical modes rather than inertio-gravity waves.
机译：我们检查了太平洋上空飞机收集的水平速度和潜在温度的水平波数谱，以确定重力波，准二维（Q-2-D）湍流或涡旋模式是否在1级尺度上主导了大气波动-100公里，海拔2-12公里。通过对多普勒频移效应的研究得出结论，除赤道带以外，Q-2-D湍流和/或涡旋模态比海洋上的重力波更为普遍。结果与最近的Q-2-D湍流数值模拟相一致，这表明背景旋转的存在极大地促进了能量的特征逆级联。此外，尽管观察到了重力波传播的特定情况，但斯托克斯参数分析揭示了相干波状运动的普遍性。最后，一个长航段的案例研究显示了k〜（-3）水平速度方差谱，其尺度大于大约100 km。斯托克斯参数分析表明，这些大范围的波动可能是由于涡旋模式而不是惰性重力波引起的。

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