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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Ichthyology >Changes of the Morphophysiological Parameters of Carp Cyprinus carpio at Food Limitation in Aquaculture Conditions
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Changes of the Morphophysiological Parameters of Carp Cyprinus carpio at Food Limitation in Aquaculture Conditions

机译：在水产养殖条件下限制食物的鲤鱼形态生理参数的变化

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The issues of the balanced feeding of the commercial hydrobionts are among the most important in aquaculture. Limited feeding and partial starvation greatly affect the metabolism and the final commercial value (Gerasimova, 1970; Kudryashova and Maslova, 1980; Maslova and Servetnik, 2003).It is known that metabolism and digestion are tightly linked; the multiple interrelationships are the basis of the specific regulation of the homeostasis. One of the first studies on this topic was published by Razenkov (1948). He studied the behavior ofstarving animals and found that the intestine continued producing the enzymes that contained much protein even when food did not enter into the organism. Three consistent stages of the enzyme adaptation were described later for starvation (Pokrovskii, 1974). The first stage is short and is characterized by the quick assimilation of the glycogen reserves followed by the activation of its synthesis (gluconeogenesis). The second stage is the long-lasting adaptive increase of the activity of the lipid-related enzymes, i.e., lipases and the enzymes that promote the oxidation of the lipids. The longevity of this stage depends greatly on the volume of the lipid reserves in the body. The third stage is the depletion of the labile energy resources of the organism and rapid increase of the protein disintegration; the proteins here serve as the energy source. This critical phase of the starving organism is also characterized by the decrease of the activity of the lipid-related enzymes and by the activation of the enzymes of protein metabolism. It was found that fish starvation led to the decrease of the number of the young cells and dramatic decrease of the hemopoiesis (Kawatsu, 1966). During the long-lasting starvation of the young mirror Cyprinus carpio, decrease of the protein concentra-tion, especially albumins, was found (Sorvachev, 1982). During starvation, the size of the cholecystis increases significantly, because the bile inspissates there. The bile excretes into the gut only at food presence. Cyprinidae differ from the other fish by their main bile acid components; the last are the sulfates of the bile alcohols: 5a-cyprinol, cholic acid, and allochenodeoxycholic acid (Yamago, 1971).The present study aims to track the peculiarities of the metabolism in the common carp and the mirror carp differed by the scale type.
机译：在水产养殖中最重要的问题是商业化水溶菌的均衡进料。有限的进食和部分饥饿极大地影响了新陈代谢和最终的商业价值（Gerasimova，1970; Kudryashova和Maslova，1980; Maslova和Servetnik，2003）。多重相互关系是动态平衡特定调节的基础。 Razenkov（1948）发表了有关该主题的最早研究之一。他研究了饥饿的动物的行为，发现即使食物没有进入生物体内，肠子仍会继续产生含有大量蛋白质的酶。后来描述了饥饿的酶适应的三个一致阶段（Pokrovskii，1974）。第一阶段很短，其特征在于糖原储备的快速同化，然后激活其合成（糖异生）。第二阶段是脂质相关酶，即脂肪酶和促进脂质氧化的酶的活性的长期适应性增加。这个阶段的寿命在很大程度上取决于体内脂质储备的量。第三阶段是生物体能量资源的枯竭和蛋白质分解的迅速增加。这里的蛋白质是能源。饥饿生物的这个关键阶段的特征还在于脂质相关酶的活性降低和蛋白质代谢酶的活化。人们发现，鱼的饥饿导致幼细胞数量的减少和造血的急剧减少（Kawatsu，1966）。在幼年镜鲤的长期饥饿中，发现蛋白质浓度降低，尤其是白蛋白降低（Sorvachev，1982）。在饥饿期间，胆汁的大小会显着增加，因为胆汁在该处滞留。胆汁仅在食物存在时才排入肠道。鲤科鱼类与其他鱼类的主要胆汁酸成分不同。最后是胆汁醇的硫酸盐：5a-氨酚，胆酸和去甲去氧胆酸（Yamago，1971）。本研究旨在追踪鲤鱼和镜鲤在代谢过程中的特殊性，因为鳞鱼类型不同。

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