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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of geophysical research. Planets >In-flight calibration and performance of the Mars Exploration Rover Panoramic Camera (Pancam) instruments
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In-flight calibration and performance of the Mars Exploration Rover Panoramic Camera (Pancam) instruments

机译：火星探索漫游者全景相机（Pancam）仪器的飞行中校准和性能

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The Mars Exploration Rover Panoramic Camera (MER/Pancam) instruments have acquired more than 60,000 high-resolution, multispectral, stereoscopic images of soil, rocks, and sky at the Gusev crater and Meridiani Planum landing sites since January 2004. These images, combined with other MER data sets, have enabled new discoveries about the composition, mineralogy, and geologic/geochemical evolution of both sites. One key to the success of Pancam in contributing to the overall success of MER has been the development of a calibration pipeline that can quickly remove instrumental artifacts and generate both absolute radiance and relative reflectance images with high accuracy and precision in order to influence tactical rover driving and in situ sampling decisions. This paper describes in detail the methods, assumptions, and models/algorithms in the calibration pipeline developed for Pancam images, based on new measurements and refinements performed primarily from flight data acquired on Mars. Major calibration steps include modeling and removal of detector bias signal, active and readout region dark current, electronic “shutter smear,” and pixel-to-pixel responsivity (flatfield) variations. Pancam images are calibrated to radiance (W/m2m/sr) using refined preflight-derived calibration coefficients, or radiance factor (I/F) using near-in-time measurements of the Pancam calibration target and a model of aeolian dust deposition on the target as a function of time. We are able to verify that the absolute radiance calibration of most Pancam images is accurate to within about 10% or less and that the filter-to-filter and pixel-to-pixel precision of the calibrated relative reflectance data (both based on measurements of the Pancam calibration target) are typically about 3% and 1% or less, respectively. Examples are also presented of scientific applications made possible by the high fidelity of the calibrated Pancam data. These include 11-color visible to near-IR spectral analysis, calculation of “true color” and chromaticity values, and generation of “super resolution” image data products. This work represents a follow-on and enhancement to the Pancam preflight calibration process described by Bell et al. (2003).
机译：自2004年1月以来，“火星探索漫游者”全景相机（MER / Pancam）仪器已在Gusev火山口和Meridiani Planum着陆点采集了60,000张高分辨率，多光谱，立体的土壤，岩石和天空图像。这些图像与其他MER数据集使这两个站点的组成，矿物学和地质/地球化学演化有了新发现。 Pancam成功推动MER全面成功的关键之一是开发了校准管道，该校准管道可以快速去除仪器伪像，并以高精度和高精度生成绝对辐射度和相对反射率图像，从而影响战术漫游车的驾驶。和原位采样决策。本文主要基于从火星上获取的飞行数据进行的新测量和改进，详细描述了为Pancam图像开发的校准管道中的方法，假设和模型/算法。主要的校准步骤包括建模和消除检测器偏置信号，有效和读出区域的暗电流，电子“快门拖尾”以及像素间响应度（平场）变化。使用精确的预检校准系数将Pancam图像校准为辐射（W / m2 / nm / sr），或者使用Pancam校准目标的近时测量和风尘沉积模型将Pancam图像校准为辐射系数（I / F）在目标上随时间变化。我们能够验证大多数Pancam图像的绝对辐射率校准准确度在10％或以下，并且校准后的相对反射率数据的滤光片间和像素间像素精度（均基于对Pancam校准目标）通常分别约为3％和1％或更少。还提供了通过高保真度的Pancam数据使科学应用成为可能的示例。这些包括11色可见到近红外光谱分析，“真彩色”和色度值的计算以及“超分辨率”图像数据产品的生成。这项工作代表了Bell等人描述的Pancam飞行前校准过程的后续和改进。 （2003）。

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