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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of herpetology >Reproductive ecology of the common South American toad rhinella arenarum (Anura: Bufonidae): Reproductive effort, clutch size, fecundity, and mate selection
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Reproductive ecology of the common South American toad rhinella arenarum (Anura: Bufonidae): Reproductive effort, clutch size, fecundity, and mate selection

机译：南美常见蟾蜍小球藻（Anura：Bufonidae）的生殖生态：生殖努力，离合器大小，繁殖力和配偶选择

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摘要

Understanding the causes of population declines is difficult when the ecology of the organisms themselves is insufficiently known. The common South American toad, Rhinella arenarum, inhabits a wide variety of habitats. Their populations are abundant; however, life-history characteristics of the adult, including reproductive traits, are poorly known. We studied the reproductive ecology of R. arenarum for several populations in central Argentina during two breeding seasons (2007-08). Breeding activity was compared for the two seasons with respect to variation in habitat variables. Females deposited a mean of 23,226.67 eggs per clutch (N = 10), and snout-vent length did not show any significant effect on the number of eggs. Spawning females lost 27% of their mass when spawning occurred, and the heavier females had greater reproductive output. We found a significantly positive relationship between amplexed male and female snout-vent lengths, indicating size-assortative mating. Females in good body and somatic condition produced larger clutches independent of snout-vent length. Because clutch hydration in ponds occurs, reproductive effort as a function of body loss mass of spawning females is a more appropriate estimate of reproductive output for R. arenarum. Trends in the number of egg strings over several breeding periods can provide information about changes in population size. Long-term studies designed to monitor populations are needed to determine the impacts and consequences of environmental changes.
机译：如果对生物体本身的生态学知之甚少，则很难了解人口减少的原因。南美常见的蟾蜍，Rhinellla arenarum，栖息于各种各样的栖息地中。他们的人口丰富;但是，成年人的生活史特征，包括生殖特征，鲜为人知。我们研究了两个繁殖季节（2007-08年）阿根廷中部几个种群的江are的生殖生态。就生境变量的变化比较了两个季节的育种活动。雌性每窝平均产卵23,226.67卵（N = 10），鼻口长度对卵数没有明显影响。产卵时产卵的雌性损失了27％的体重，而较重的雌性则具有更高的生殖能力。我们发现复杂的雄性和雌性鼻孔长度之间存在显着的正相关，表明大小相配。身体和身体状况良好的雌性产生的离合器较大，与口鼻孔的长度无关。由于池塘中会发生离合器水合作用，因此生殖力与产卵雌性的体质损失之间的函数关系是更合适的估算竞技场生殖产量的方法。几个繁殖时期的蛋串数量趋势可以提供有关种群数量变化的信息。需要进行旨在监测人口的长期研究，以确定环境变化的影响和后果。

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