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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of human kinetics >The Athlete's Perception of Coaches' Behavior Towards Competitors with a Different Sports Level
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The Athlete's Perception of Coaches' Behavior Towards Competitors with a Different Sports Level

机译：运动员对不同运动水平的运动员教练行为的感知

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摘要

The study was designed to examine how active and former athletes across a different sports level perceived coaching behavior. Eighty competitive athletes (44 males and 36 females; 21.89 +/- 1.48 years of age; 8.35 +/- 3.65 years of competitive experience) from the University School of Physical Education in Cracow, Poland, participated in the study. They represented both individual (n = 50) and team sports (n = 30). Seventeen participants were internationally renowned and 63 were recognized for competitive excellence at a national level. The participants responded to a demographic survey and the Coaches' Behaviors Survey. The qualitative analysis procedures were employed to extract themes from open-ended questions. It was confirmed that coaches who perceived their athletes as more skilled, also treated them differently. Female athletes as compared with male athletes, more frequently pointed at the leniency in coach's behavior towards highly skilled athletes, and perceived it as a factor inhibiting athletic development. Additionally, women often found individualization of the training process as a behavior reinforcing development. Less accomplished athletes more often pointed out to "a post-training session interest in the athlete" as directed only towards more accomplished counterparts; however, they indicated "leniency and favoring" less often than the athletes with international achievements. They also listed "excessive criticism" as a type of behavior hindering development, but they indicated coaches' "authoritarianism and distance" less frequently than the more accomplished counterparts. The study added data to the discussion of the Pygmalion effect and the phenomenon of the self-fulfilling prophecy both in general (Rosenthal and Jacobson, 1968; Harris and Rosenthal, 1985; Jussim, 1989) and sport psychology (Harris and Rosenthal, 1985; Horn et al., 1998; Solomon and Kosmitzki, 1996; Solomon et al., 1998; Solomon, 2001).
机译：该研究旨在检查处于不同运动水平的活跃运动员和前运动员如何感知教练行为。来自波兰克拉科夫大学体育学院的八十名竞技运动员（44名男性和36名女性; 21.89 +/- 1.48岁; 8.35 +/- 3.65岁的竞技经验）参加了这项研究。他们代表个人（n = 50）和团队运动（n = 30）。 17名参与者享誉国际，其中63名参与者在国家一级的卓越竞争中获得认可。参与者回答了人口统计调查和“教练的行为调查”。定性分析程序用于从开放性问题中提取主题。可以肯定的是，认为自己的运动员更加熟练的教练也对他们进行了不同的对待。与男运动员相比，女运动员更经常指出教练对高水平运动员的宽大处理，并认为这是阻碍运动发展的因素。另外，女性经常发现训练过程的个性化是一种行为的发展。成绩较差的运动员经常指出“训练后对运动员的兴趣”，而这仅针对成绩较高的运动员。但是，他们表示“宽容和厚待”的频率低于具有国际成就的运动员。他们还把“过度批评”列为一种阻碍发展的行为，但他们指出教练的“威权主义和距离”不及比较熟练的教练。这项研究为讨论皮格马利翁效应和自我实现的预言现象增添了数据（一般来说是（Rosenthal和Jacobson，1968; Harris和Rosenthal，1985; Jussim，1989））和运动心理学（Harris和Rosenthal，1985; 1989）。 Horn等，1998; Solomon和Kosmitzki，1996; Solomon等，1998; Solomon，2001）。

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