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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Hydrology >The upside-down river: Reservoirs, algal blooms, and tributaries affect temporal and spatial patterns in nitrogen and phosphorus in the Klamath River, USA
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The upside-down river: Reservoirs, algal blooms, and tributaries affect temporal and spatial patterns in nitrogen and phosphorus in the Klamath River, USA

机译：颠倒的河流：水库，藻华和支流影响美国克拉马斯河中氮和磷的时空分布

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摘要

The Klamath River, located in Oregon/California of the Northwestern U.S., is highly impounded and also experiences large seasonal algal blooms and impaired water quality. We investigated nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) constituents for one year (2010-2011) across 193 km of the Klamath River at sites above and below reservoirs and major tributaries to determine the influence of these features on longitudinal and temporal trends in concentrations, loads, and N:P ratios. In general, the headwater lake (Upper Klamath Lake) and reservoirs appeared to be the dominant influence on water quality and nutrient dynamics in the upper river, whereas tributaries appeared to exert stronger influence in the lower river. Overall, high nutrients and poor water quality at upstream sites were ameliorated downstream, however the downstream reductions in N were much greater relative to P. Seasonality appeared to play a major role in the overall appearance and magnitude of longitudinal trends. The greatest upstream-downstream differences occurred during periods of time following large algal blooms in the upper portion of the river. Overall, the amount and composition of N appeared to be strongly driven by algal blooms and biogeochemical conditions such as low oxygen, high pH and warm temperatures in the upper portion of the river, whereas P was more strongly driven by seasonal hydrology. The spatiotemporal influence of reservoirs and tributaries on nutrient flux and nutrient ratios may have significant implications for aquatic communities and ecosystem health. Nutrient objectives should be considered when designing restoration, management, and monitoring objectives for projects involving habitat suitability for anadromous fish and potential dam removal. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：位于美国西北部俄勒冈州/俄勒冈州的克拉马斯河（Klamath River）蓄水量很高，并且季节性海藻大量繁殖，水质受损。我们调查了克拉马斯河193公里处水库和主要支流上方和下方的站点中一年（2010-2011年）的氮（N）和磷（P）成分，以确定这些特征对浓度纵向和时间趋势的影响，负载和N：P比率。通常，上游河源（上游克拉马斯湖）和水库似乎是上游河流水质和养分动态的主要影响因素，而支流似乎对下游河流的影响更大。总体而言，上游位置的高养分和较差的水质在下游得到了改善，但是下游的N含量相对于P的下降要大得多。季节性似乎在总体趋势和纵向趋势的大小中起主要作用。上游最大的下游差异发生在河流上游大量藻华之后。总的来说，氮的含量和组成似乎受藻华和河床上部的生物地球化学条件（例如低氧，高pH和温暖的温度）的强烈驱动，而磷则受季节性水文学的强烈驱动。水库和支流对养分通量和养分比率的时空影响可能对水生群落和生态系统健康产生重大影响。在设计方案的恢复，管理和监测目标时，应考虑营养目标，这些目标涉及生境鱼类的适应性和潜在的大坝拆除。 （C）2014 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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