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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Hydrology >Detection, quantification and modelling of small-scale lateral translocation of throughfall in tree crowns of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst)
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Detection, quantification and modelling of small-scale lateral translocation of throughfall in tree crowns of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst)

机译：欧洲山毛榉（Fagus sylvatica L.）和挪威云杉（Picea abies（L.）Karst）的树冠中穿透性小规模横向移位的检测，定量和建模

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The redistribution of precipitation in forests depends on the amount of above-canopy precipitation and is characterised by high small-scale variability. Although higher and lower values of net forest precipitation at small scales are typically averaged at larger spatial scales, the small-scale variability of throughfall needs to be understood because subordinate ecological processes in the forest ecosystem, e.g., regeneration of tree species, often take place at the same small scale. High stemflow amounts and canopy driplines at the crown edge of particular tree species can only be explained by lateral flow processes within tree crowns. This study tests the hypothesis that lateral water translocation within the crown can be determined from simultaneous records of precipitation at defined measurement points below and above the canopy by taking single-tree characteristics such as species and crown width into account. Spatially explicit simultaneous measurements of gross precipitation (above-canopy reference) and throughfall were conducted repeatedly at 175 measurements points in a mixed European beech-Norway spruce stand for a total of 26 individual rain events. Subsequent analysis with a new regression approach resulted in an estimated average canopy storage capacity of 3.5 mm and 5.8 mm for beech (leaf-bearing period) and spruce stands, respectively. Values of calculated lateral flow showed considerable variability between individual measurement points. The highest discharge amounts were observed at positions below the inner beech crowns during the leaf-bearing period. For an exemplary rainfall event with a gross precipitation of 25 mm, the predicted discharge ranged from 5 mm underneath the inner beech crown to about zero near the crown edge. A comparison with the measured values indicated that the predicted amount of lateral flow, which could be translated into stemflow for single beech trees, was realistic. However, for the same rainfall event, lateral flow in spruce crowns was mainly identified in the outer crown. The derived functions for calculating lateral water translocation may be incorporated into single-tree models. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：森林中降水的重新分布取决于冠层以上的降水量，其特征是小规模的高变异性。尽管通常在较大的空间范围内对小规模森林净降水量的较高和较低值进行平均，但仍需要了解穿透的小规模变化，因为森林生态系统中的从属生态过程（例如树种的再生）经常发生在相同的小规模。特定树种树冠边缘的高茎流量和冠层滴水线只能通过树冠内的横向流动过程来解释。这项研究检验了以下假设：可以通过考虑树种（例如树种和树冠宽度）等单树特征，通过同时记录冠层之下和之上的测量点处的降雨来确定树冠内的侧向水位。在欧洲山毛榉-挪威云杉混合林分中，在175个测量点上重复进行了总降水量（上方冠层参考）和穿透量的空间显式同时测量，总共发生了26次降雨事件。随后采用新的回归方法进行分析，得出山毛榉（生叶期）和云杉林的平均冠层平均储藏量分别为3.5毫米和5.8毫米。计算出的侧向流量值表明各个测量点之间存在很大的差异。在生叶期间，在内部山毛榉树冠下方的位置观察到最高的排放量。对于总降水量为25毫米的示例性降雨事件，预计的排放量范围从内山毛榉树冠下方的5毫米到树冠边缘附近的大约零。与测量值的比较表明，可以将单侧山毛榉树的侧向流量预测值转换为茎流量是切合实际的。然而，对于相同的降雨事件，云杉冠的侧向流动主要在外冠中。可以将用于计算侧向水位转移的导出函数合并到单树模型中。 （C）2014 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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