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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Hydrology >Effect of raindrop splash and transversal width on soil erosion: Laboratory flume experiments and analysis with the Hairsine-Rose model
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Effect of raindrop splash and transversal width on soil erosion: Laboratory flume experiments and analysis with the Hairsine-Rose model

机译：雨滴飞溅和横向宽度对土壤侵蚀的影响：实验室水槽实验和基于Hairsine-Rose模型的分析

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The parameter consistency of the one-dimensional Hairsine-Rose (H-R) erosion model under conditions of significant rainfall splash was examined. To account for the splash characteristic length scale and its interaction with the transverse erosion width, experiments were carried out using erosion flumes of the same length (6m), but different widths, with sediment concentrations measured at the flume exits. Total sediment concentration and the concentration of seven size fractions (<2, 2-20, 20-50, 50-100, 100-315, 315-1000 and >1000μm) were measured at high rainfall intensity (60mmh~(-1)) and with a gentle slope (2.2%). The conditions employed ensured that erosion was predominantly precipitation-driven. The experimental results showed that raindrop splash affected particularly the sediment breakthrough from the wider flumes (flumes 1 and 2, 1- and 0.5-m wide, respectively). However, the raindrop splash effect was less significant in observed sediment concentrations from the narrower flumes (flumes 3 and 4, both 0.25-m wide). For these flumes, the detached sediment was affected by the transversal width of the flume in that an amount of detached sediment adhered to the barriers instead of being removed in the overland flow. The one-dimensional H-R model was fitted to the experimental results and good agreement was found, in particular for the finer size classes. The data for the coarser grain sizes were more scattered, suggesting sediment motion by mechanisms other than suspension in the overland flow (e.g., rolling along the soil surface). The optimized parameters indicated that the shield layers (where the shield consists of re-deposited eroded sediment) of the wider flumes (1 and 2) developed within 5-10min from the start of the experiment, whereas in the narrower flumes (3 and 4) they never fully developed. The optimized detachment rates were consistent with previous findings, but the estimated thickness of the deposited layer was too small to provide complete protection of the original soil against raindrop detachment, indicating that the shield was not uniform. The experimental design allowed us to investigate directly the effect of flow non-uniformity on soil erosion by inclusion of an offset drainage point in flume 4. The observations taken during and after the experiment, as well as surface elevation data, confirmed the noticeable impact of non-uniform flow on the erosion process.
机译：研究了在降雨大量飞溅的条件下一维Hines-Rose（H-R）侵蚀模型的参数一致性。为了说明飞溅特征长度尺度及其与横向侵蚀宽度的相互作用，使用了相同长度（6m）但宽度不同的侵蚀水槽进行了实验，在水槽出口处测量了沉积物浓度。在高降雨强度（60mmh〜（-1））下测量了总沉积物浓度和7个大小级分（<2、2-20、20-50、50-100、100-315、315-1000和>1000μm）的浓度。 ）并保持平缓（2.2％）。所采用的条件确保了侵蚀主要是降水驱动的。实验结果表明，雨滴飞溅特别影响了较宽的水槽（分别为水槽1、2、1和0.5-m）的沉积物突破。但是，在观察到的来自较窄水道（水道3和4，均为0.25米宽）的沉积物浓度中，雨滴飞溅的影响并不明显。对于这些水槽，沉积物的沉积物受水槽横向宽度的影响，因为一定量的沉积物会附着在障碍物上，而不是在陆流中被去除。将一维H-R模型拟合到实验结果并发现良好的一致性，尤其是对于较小尺寸的类。较粗粒度的数据更分散，表明泥沙是通过除悬流（例如沿土壤表面滚动）以外的机制移动的。优化的参数表明，从实验开始的5-10分钟内，较宽的水槽（1和2）的防护层（其中的防护层由重新沉积的侵蚀沉积物组成）形成，而在较窄的水槽（3和4）中）它们从未完全发展。优化的剥离速率与以前的发现一致，但是沉积层的估计厚度太小，无法完全保护原始土壤免受雨滴的剥离，表明防护罩不均匀。实验设计使我们能够通过在水槽4中加入偏移排水点来直接研究流量不均匀性对土壤侵蚀的影响。实验期间和之后的观察以及表面高程数据证实了水的不均匀性对土壤侵蚀的影响。非均匀流动对侵蚀过程的影响。

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