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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Hydrology >The role of mega dams in reducing sediment fluxes: A case study of large Asian rivers
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The role of mega dams in reducing sediment fluxes: A case study of large Asian rivers

机译：大型水坝在减少泥沙流量中的作用：以亚洲大型河流为例

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摘要

In order to sustain the ever growing population and to meet water and energy requirements of the rapidly growing economies, most of the large rivers draining through East, Southern and Southeast (ESSE) Asian region have been regulated all along their courses, over the past few decades. For instance, ESSE Asian countries (China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Myanmar, Thailand, India, Pakistan and Bangladesh) host about 250 mega dams and several tens of thousands of large and small reservoirs. The present study provides a revised estimate on annual suspended sediment fluxes of the large rivers draining through ESSE region, including the latest data of the Indian peninsula rivers. In the last 50 years, the combined annual sediment flux of the large Chinese rivers has been reduced from 1800 million tons (Mt) to about 370. Mt. We estimate that at present the Indian peninsular rivers collectively transport about 83. Mt of sediment annually. The Ganga-Brahmaputra and the Indus, contribute 850 and 13. Mt of sediments, respectively to the oceans. Our revised estimates suggest that at present the large rivers of ESSE region, collectively delivering ～2150. Mt of sediment annually to the oceans. We show that at decadal scale, decline in sediment fluxes of the large Asian rivers are proportional to the number of mega dams present in the respective catchments. We also demonstrate that storage of sediment-laden water of major flood events (major-event), led to huge sediment trapping behind mega dams. Thus, ongoing and planned dam constructions activities across ESSE Asia may further reduce the annual sediment fluxes.
机译：为了维持不断增长的人口并满足快速增长的经济体对水和能源的需求，在过去的几年中，通过东亚，南亚和东南亚（ESSE）亚洲地区流失的大部分大河都受到了监管几十年。例如，ESSE亚洲国家（中国，台湾，越南，缅甸，泰国，印度，巴基斯坦和孟加拉国）拥有约250座大坝和数以万计的大型和小型水库。本研究对流经ESSE地区的大型河流的年度悬浮泥沙通量进行了修订，包括印度半岛河流域的最新数据。在过去的50年中，中国大型河流的年总沉积流量已从18亿吨（Mt）减少到约370吨。我们估计，目前印度半岛河流每年总共运输约83. Mt的沉积物。 Ganga-Brahmaputra和印度河分别向海洋贡献了850和13 Mt的沉积物。我们的修订后的估算值表明，目前ESSE地区的大河，总流量约为2150。每年有沉积物山到海洋。我们显示，在十年尺度上，亚洲大型河流的泥沙通量下降与各个流域中存在的大型水坝数量成正比。我们还证明了重大洪水事件（大型事件）中充满泥沙的水的储存，导致大型水坝背后的大量泥沙被困住。因此，整个ESSE Asia正在进行和计划中的大坝建设活动可能会进一步减少年沉积物通量。

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