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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of hydrology, New Zealand >Snowmelt generation on a hydrologically sensitive mountain range, Pisa Range, Central Otago, New Zealand
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Snowmelt generation on a hydrologically sensitive mountain range, Pisa Range, Central Otago, New Zealand

机译：在水文敏感的山脉，新西兰中奥塔哥，比萨山脉上融雪

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摘要

Sustained summer snow melt from higher elevation catchments can be a significant source of runoff, particularly in regions with low summer rainfall. Little is known, however, about the timing and generation of snowmelt on the dry, fault-block mountains of Central Otago, New Zealand, where snowmelt is an important component of the water balance. To address this issue, meteorological, snow and runoff variables were measured in a 0.3 km~2 tributary of the Leopold Burn on the Pisa Range, which is typical of the mountains of this region. Results of a point energy balance calculated for a mid-elevation site showed that the energy available for melt was primarily driven by net radiation. On average, net radiation provided 40% of the total energy available for melt, with the sensible heat flux contributing, on average, 34%. The estimated total water output over the 28 days of snowmelt was 746.59 mm water equivalent. The stage record from the catchment suggests that the melt period in this region is characterized by a single, sustained pulse of meltwater with a steep rising limb and subsequent decline. This hydrological response reflects an efficient response to positive energy inputs with, in this case, the complete removal of snow cover from the catchment in less than a month. This runoff response, coupled with a generally thin snowpack as a result of the medium elevation of the fault-block mountains, suggests that summer river flows in Central Otago could be particularly responsive to any long-term changes in winter precipitation patterns.
机译：高海拔流域持续的夏季积雪可能是径流的重要来源，尤其是在夏季降雨量少的地区。然而，人们对于在新西兰中奥塔哥（Central Otago）的干燥断块山上融雪的时间和产生知之甚少，融雪是水平衡的重要组成部分。为了解决这个问题，在比萨山脉的利奥波德烧伤的0.3 km〜2支流中测量了气象，降雪和径流变量，这是该地区典型的山脉。计算出的中高点的点能量平衡结果表明，可用于熔体的能量主要由净辐射驱动。平均而言，净辐射提供了可用于熔化的总能量的40％，显热通量平均贡献了34％。在融雪的28天中，估计的总出水量为746.59毫米水当量。集水区的阶段记录表明，该地区的融化期以单个持续的融化水脉动为特征，其陡峭的上升肢体随后下降。这种水文响应反映了对正能量输入的有效响应，在这种情况下，不到一个月就从集水区完全清除了积雪。这种径流响应，再加上断层山脉中等抬高的积雪，通常表明薄薄的积雪表明，奥塔哥中部的夏季河水可能对冬季降水模式的任何长期变化特别敏感。

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