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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of hydrology, New Zealand >Groundwater-surface water interaction in the Waimakariri river, New Zealand, and groundwater outflow from the river bed
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Groundwater-surface water interaction in the Waimakariri river, New Zealand, and groundwater outflow from the river bed

机译：新西兰怀马卡里里河中的地下水与地表水的相互作用以及河床中的地下水流出

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摘要

This assessment of the interaction between groundwater and surface water in the braided Waimakariri River, New Zealand, between Waimakariri Gorge and Old State Highway Bridge identifies five reaches of the river bed that lose groundwater to the surrounding Holocene-age Springston Formation gravel aquifer. Steady-state groundwater outflow from the river bed in the reaches between Courtenay and Old State Highway Bridge totals 12.9 m ~3/s, providing the major source of groundwater for the Christchurch City area. Groundwater use in the Christchurch City area averages 1.7 m ~3/s and baseflow in spring-fed rivers and streams is an estimated 10.9 m ~3/s. Waimakariri River bed reaches are within the groundwater catchments of springfed rivers and streams. The reaches between Courtenay Road and Weedons Ross Road (groundwater outflow 3.7 m ~3/s) provided most of the baseflow in the Halswell, Heathcote and Avon rivers (surface water baseflow 3.6 m ~3/s); reaches between Weedons Ross Road and Wrights Cut (groundwater outflow 8.3 m ~3/s) provided baseflow (7.3 m ~3/s) to the Old South Branch, Styx River and streams north of the Waimakariri River. Mean daily groundwater outflow from the five losing Waimakariri River reaches, assessed with a model that is primarily based on groundwater level observations in the Crossbank monitoring array located beside the river, was relatively uniform (standard deviation of approximately 1.0 m ~3/s) over a wide range in mean daily river flow (approximately 27 to 1310 m ~3/s) in the period 1 July 2002 to 30 June 2008. Mean daily groundwater outflow was greater at higher mean daily Waimakariri River flows, e.g., a groundwater outflow of 17.0 m ~3/s was estimated at river flows above 240 m ~3/s. However differences in groundwater outflow in two river flow ranges (27-60 m ~3/s and 60-120 m ~3/s) are not statistically significant. Groundwater outflow from the Waimakariri River was the most important control on the chemistry of groundwater in the Springston Formation aquifer and spring-fed rivers and streams. For example, low nitrate-nitrogen concentrations in the Waimakariri River (mean 75 μg/L) were reflected in low concentrations measured in Crossbank groundwater level monitoring array wells (mean 82 μg/L) and the Old South Branch stream (range 200-500 μg/L). Low nutrient (i.e., carbon, phosphorus and nitrogen) concentrations estimated in groundwater outflow from the Waimakariri River imply a low faunal density in the Springston Formation aquifer near the river.
机译：对新西兰怀马卡里里峡谷和旧州公路大桥之间的辫状编织的怀马卡里里河中地下水与地表水之间相互作用的评估，确定了河床的五个河段，这些河床损失了地下水，使周围的全新世时代的斯普林斯顿组砾石含水层失去了地下水。考特尼和旧州际公路大桥之间河段的稳态地下水流出量为12.9 m〜3 / s，是克赖斯特彻奇市地区的主要地下水来源。克赖斯特彻奇市地区的地下水平均使用量为1.7 m〜3 / s，而春季河流中的基本流量估计为10.9 m〜3 / s。怀马卡里里河河床段位于回灌河和溪流的地下水流域内。 Courtenay路和Weedons Ross路之间的河段（地下水流出3.7 m〜3 / s）提供了Halswell，Heathcote和Avon河流的大部分底流量（地表水基本流量3.6 m〜3 / s）;到达Weedons Ross Road和Wrights Cut之间（地下水流出8.3 m〜3 / s），向旧南支，施蒂克斯河和怀马卡里里河以北的溪流提供底流（7.3 m〜3 / s）。在五个主要的怀马卡里里河流域中，平均每日地下水流出量（该模型主要基于该河流旁的Crossbank监测阵列中的地下水位观测值进行了评估）在整个过程中相对均匀（标准偏差约为1.0 m〜3 / s）在2002年7月1日至2008年6月30日期间，平均日河流量变化很大（约27至1310 m〜3 / s）。怀马卡里里河日均流量较高时，平均日地下水流较大，例如，在240 m〜3 / s以上的河流流量中估计为17.0 m〜3 / s。但是，两个河流流量范围（27-60 m〜3 / s和60-120 m〜3 / s）中地下水流出的差异在统计学上并不显着。从怀马卡里里河流出的地下水是对斯普林斯顿组含水层和春季补给河流和溪流中地下水化学性质的最重要控制。例如，怀马卡里里河的硝酸盐氮含量低（平均75μg/ L）反映在Crossbank地下水位监测阵列井（平均82μg/ L）和旧南支流（200-500范围）中测得的低浓度微克/升）。怀马卡里里河（Waimakariri River）流出的地下水中估计的低养分（即碳，磷和氮）浓度意味着该河附近的斯普林斯顿组含水层动物群密度低。

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