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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of hydrometeorology >Changes to Snowpack Energy State from Spring Storm Events, Columbia River Headwaters, Montana
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Changes to Snowpack Energy State from Spring Storm Events, Columbia River Headwaters, Montana

机译：蒙大拿州哥伦比亚河上游的春季暴风雨事件改变了积雪的能量状态

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摘要

The generation and release of meltwater during the spring snowmelt season can be delayed because of spring storm episodes with snow accumulation and/or sustained subfreezing temperatures. The delayed release of snowmelt often extends beyond the particular storm event because of changes to the internal state of energy in the snowpack that prevents transmission of meltwater. Following a storm, two energy deficits internal to the snowpack must be overcome before surface melt can drain and exit the snowpack: 1) cold content created by heat lost during the episode must be removed and 2) dry pore space must be filled with liquid water to residual saturation. This study investigates the role of these two processes in spring snowmelt following past storm episodes in western Montana. The analysis addresses;10 yr of historical snowpack and air temperature data from 33 stations in the Columbia River headwaters. Results indicate that the addition of pore space has a greater impact on delaying snowmelt than does the addition of cold content, with snow accumulation events responsible for 86% of the collective energy deficit imposed on the snowpack during storm episodes. Nearly all refreezing events occur within one month of peak snowpack, but accumulation events are common up to 50 days later. Under standardized conditions representing clear weather during the spring season, these energy deficits could all be overcome in a matter of hours.
机译：春季融雪季节融水的产生和释放可能会由于春季暴风雪的积雪和/或持续的亚冰点温度而延迟。融雪的延迟释放通常会超出特定的暴风雨事件，因为雪堆中能量的内部状态发生了变化，从而阻止了融水的传输。暴风雨过后，必须克服积雪内部的两个能量缺陷，然后才能将表面融化物排空并排出积雪：1）必须消除在发作期间因热量散失而产生的冷成分，并且2）必须用液态水填充干燥的孔隙空间到残留饱和度。这项研究调查了蒙大拿州西部过去暴风雨之后这两个过程在春季融雪中的作用。该分析处理了来自哥伦比亚河源头33个站点的10年历史积雪和气温数据。结果表明，增加孔隙空间比增加冷含量对延缓融雪的影响更大，积雪事件占暴风雨期间强加给积雪的集体能量短缺的86％。几乎所有的重新冻结事件都在积雪高峰后的一个月内发生，但累积事件在50天后才很常见。在表示春季春季天气晴朗的标准条件下，这些能量不足都可以在数小时内解决。

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