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An assessment of the accuracy of interpolated daily rainfall for New Zealand

机译：新西兰内插日降水量准确性的评估

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Daily rainfall data from about 200 automatic weather stations are operationally interpolated onto a regular grid of points covering all of New Zealand at a resolution of 0.05 degrees lat/long (approximately 5 km). These data, as well as daily values for 10 other climate variables, are known as NIWA's Virtual Climate Station (VCS) data. There is a need to understand the accuracy of the daily rainfall estimates, particularly for hydrological assessments. The provision of historic daily rainfall data from more than 700 Regional Council locations (many of which are no longer operational) not used in the generation of the VCS estimates, has enabled a robust error assessment. Using a regression model approach (where the VCS rainfall is the independent variable and the Regional Council rainfall is the dependent variable), bias corrections were determined and applied to every VCS daily rainfall ≥ 1 mm. The bias-corrected VCS rainfall mean absolute error for locations below about 500 m elevation is approximately 2-4 mm (95% of the range) when rain days only (VCS rainfall ≥ 1 mm) are analysed. The error (and its spatial variation) is higher in areas above 500 m elevation, at approximately 5-15 mm. For daily VCS rainfalls > 40 mm (heavy rain days), the errors are approximately 8-12 mm (low elevation areas) and 10-40 mm (high elevation areas), and for monthly rainfall totals the corresponding errors are approximately 10-15 mm and 10-120 mm. For some uses of daily rainfall data, the installation of good quality telemetered rain gauges is the only option. However, if gauges can't be installed or the data collection cannot be maintained long-term, then using the bias-corrected VCS rainfall data is a viable option that is often a significant improvement over using data from distant stations that may not be in the same catchment or even located in a similar climatic zone.
机译：来自约200个自动气象站的每日降雨量数据可操作地插值到覆盖整个新西兰的常规点网格中，分辨率为经纬度0.05度（约5公里）。这些数据以及其他10个气候变量的每日值被称为NIWA的虚拟气候站（VCS）数据。有必要了解每日降雨量估计的准确性，尤其是对于水文评估而言。提供了700多个区域委员会所在地（其中许多不再使用）的历史每日降雨量数据，这些数据在生成VCS估算时未使用，因此可以进行可靠的误差评估。使用回归模型方法（其中VCS降雨量是自变量，而区域市政局降雨量是因变量），确定了偏差校正，并将其应用于每个≥1 mm的VCS每日降雨量。当仅在雨天（VCS雨水≥1 mm）进行分析时，对于海拔低于500 m的位置，经偏差校正的VCS雨水平均绝对误差约为2-4 mm（范围的95％）。在海拔500 m以上的地区，误差（及其空间变化）更高，约为5-15 mm。对于每日VCS降雨量> 40毫米（大雨天），误差约为8-12毫米（低海拔地区）和10-40毫米（高海拔地区），而对于每月降雨总量，相应的误差约为10-15。毫米和10-120毫米。对于某些日常降雨数据的使用，唯一的选择是安装高质量的遥测雨量计。但是，如果无法安装仪表或无法长期维护数据收集，则使用经过偏差校正的VCS降雨数据是一种可行的选择，与使用遥测站的数据相比，通常可以得到重大改进。同一流域，甚至位于相似的气候带。

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