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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Insect Physiology >Artifical transfer and morphological description of virus particles associated with superparasitism behaviour in a parasitoid wasp
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Artifical transfer and morphological description of virus particles associated with superparasitism behaviour in a parasitoid wasp

机译：与寄生性黄蜂中超寄生行为相关的病毒颗粒的人工转移和形态学描述

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摘要

In parasitoids, the adaptive significance of superparasitism (laying of egg(s) in already parasitized hosts) has been the subject of strong controversy. The current view is to interpret this behaviour as an adaptation to increased competition for hosts, because the supernumerary egg still has a chance to win possession for the host. However, we recently discovered that in the solitary parasitoid Leptopilina boulardi, superparasitism is rather caused by an unknown infectious element: stable non superparasitizing lineages (NS) are transformed into stable superparasitizing lineages (S) after eggs from both lineages have competed inside the same host (superparasitism). In this report, we investigate the nature and location of the causative agent. Involvement of bacteria is unlikely because antibiotic treatments do not affect wasp phenotype and because bacterial 16S ribosomal DNA was not detected using PCR. We report successful injection experiments showing that the causative agents are located in wasp poison gland and ovaries and are stably inherited. Electron microscopic studies demonstrate that long filamentous virus particles located in wasp oviducts are strongly associated with superparasitism behaviour, leading to reconsider the adaptive significance of this behaviour in parasitoids. Interestingly, parasitoids are often infected with similar viruses for which no phenotypic effect has been documented. This raises the possibility that they could induce the same behavioural manipulation.
机译：在寄生虫中，超寄生虫的适应性意义（在已经被寄生的宿主中产卵）一直是一个有争议的话题。当前的观点是将这种行为解释为对主机竞争加剧的一种适应，因为多余的鸡蛋仍然有机会赢得主机。但是，我们最近发现，在孤立的寄生性类寄生小白对虾Leptopilina boulardi中，超寄生是由未知的感染因素引起的：两种谱系中的卵都在同一宿主中竞争后，稳定的非超寄生谱系（NS）转变为稳定的超寄生谱系（S）。 （超寄生）。在此报告中，我们调查了病原体的性质和位置。由于抗生素治疗不会影响黄蜂表型，并且由于未使用PCR检测到细菌16S核糖体DNA，因此细菌参与的可能性很小。我们报告成功的注射实验表明，病原体位于黄蜂毒腺和卵巢中，并且是稳定遗传的。电子显微镜研究表明，位于黄蜂输卵管中的长丝状病毒颗粒与超寄生虫行为密切相关，从而重新考虑了这种行为在寄生虫中的适应性意义。有趣的是，类寄生虫经常被类似的病毒感染，没有表型效应的记载。这增加了他们可能诱发相同行为操纵的可能性。

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