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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Leukocyte Biology: An Official Publication of the Reticuloendothelial Society >The re-emerging role of the intestinal microflora in critical illness and inflammation: why the gut hypothesis of sepsis syndrome will not go away.
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The re-emerging role of the intestinal microflora in critical illness and inflammation: why the gut hypothesis of sepsis syndrome will not go away.

机译：肠道菌群在重症和炎症中的重新出现：为什么败血症综合症的肠道假设不会消失。

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Recent advances in the ability to genetically interrogate microbial communities within the intestinal tract of humans have revealed many striking findings. That there may be as many as 300 unculturable and unclassified microbes within the human intestinal tract opens the possibility that yet-unidentified microbes may play a role in various human diseases [( 1) ]. Technologically, the regional and spatial aspects of intestinal microbial communities can now be better appreciated by emerging genetic and in vivo imaging systems using a bioinformatics approach [( 2) ]. Finally, in situ PCR of tissues and blood now allows the detection of microbes at concentrations that would otherwise remain undetected by culture alone [( 3) ]. In the aggregate, these studies have empowered clinicians to readdress the issue of how our microbial partners are affected by extreme states of physiologic stress and antibiotic use through the course of critical illness. The role of microbes in systemic inflammatory states, such assystemic inflammatory response syndrome, as well as in primary intestinal mucosal diseases, such as necrotizing enterocolitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and ischemia-reperfusion injury, can now be more completely defined, and the microbial genes that mediate the immune activation during these disorders can be identified. The 2008 roadmap initiative at the National Institutes of Health to fully define the human microbiome is further testament to the power of this technology and the importance of understanding how intestinal microbes, their genes, and their gene products affect the course of human disease and inflammation.
机译：在人类肠道内对微生物群落进行遗传查询的能力的最新进展揭示了许多惊人的发现。在人类肠道内可能存在多达300种无法培养和未分类的微生物，这开启了尚未被识别的微生物可能在各种人类疾病中起作用的可能性[（1）]。从技术上讲，现在可以通过使用生物信息学方法的新兴遗传和体内成像系统更好地理解肠道微生物群落的区域和空间方面[[2]]。最终，组织和血液的原位PCR现在允许以原本单独培养无法检测到的浓度检测微生物[（3）]。总体而言，这些研究使临床医生能够重新解决以下问题：在严重疾病过程中，微生物伴侣如何受到极端生理压力和抗生素使用的影响。微生物在系统性炎症状态（例如系统性炎症反应综合征）以及原发性肠粘膜疾病（例如坏死性小肠结肠炎，炎症性肠病和局部缺血再灌注损伤）中的作用现在可以更完整地定义，并且微生物基因可以确定在这些疾病中介导免疫激活的分子。美国国立卫生研究院（National Institutes of Health）的2008年路线图倡议全面定义了人类微生物组，这进一步证明了这项技术的力量以及理解肠道微生物，其基因及其基因产物如何影响人类疾病和炎症过程的重要性。

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