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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of mass spectrometry: JMS >Stable isotope ratios of H, C, N and O in Italian citrus juices
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Stable isotope ratios of H, C, N and O in Italian citrus juices

机译：意大利柑桔汁中H，C，N和O的稳定同位素比

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Stable isotope ratios (SIRs) of C, N, H and O have been exensively used in fruit juices quality control (ENV and AOAC methods) to detect added sugar and the watering down of concentrated juice, practices prohibited by European legislation (EU Directive 2012/12). The European Fruit Juice Association (AIJN) set some reference guidelines in order to allow the judging of the genuiness of a juice. Moreover, various studies have been carried out to determine the natural variability of SIRs in fruit juices, but none of these has investigated SIRs extensively in authentic citrus juices from Italy. In this work, about 500 citrus juice samples were officially collected in Italy by the Italian Ministry of Agricultural and Forestry Policies from 1998 onwards. (D/H)_I and (D/H)_(II) in ethanol and δ~(13)C_(ethanol), δ~(13)C_(pulp), δ~(13)C_(sugars), δ~(18)O_(vegetalwater), δ~(15)N_(pulp), and δ~(18)O_(pulp) were determined using Site-Specific Natural Isotope Fractionation-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry, respectively. The characteristic ranges of variability in SIRs in genuine Italian citrus juice samples are here presented as well as their relationships and compliance with the limits indicated by the AIJN and others proposed in the literature. In particular, the Italian range of values was found to be not completely in agreement with AIJN guidelines, with the risk that genuine juices could be judged as not genuine. Variety seems not to influence SIRs, whereas harvest year and region of origin have some influence on the different ratios, although their data distribution shows overlapping when principal component analysis is applied.
机译：稳定的C，N，H和O同位素比（SIR）已用于果汁质量控制（ENV和AOAC方法）中，以检测添加的糖和浓缩果汁的冲淡情况，欧洲法规禁止这样做（欧盟指令2012 / 12）。欧洲果汁协会（AIJN）制定了一些参考指南，以便对果汁的真实性进行判断。此外，已经进行了各种研究以确定果汁中SIR的自然变异性，但是这些都没有对意大利纯正柑桔汁中的SIR进行过广泛的研究。在这项工作中，从1998年开始，意大利农业和林业政策部在意大利正式收集了大约500份柑橘汁样品。乙醇和δ〜（13）C_（乙醇），δ〜（13）C_（浆），δ〜（13）C_（糖），δ中的（D / H）_I和（D / H）_（II）分别使用特定地点的自然同位素分馏-核磁共振和同位素比质谱法确定〜（18）O_（植物水），δ〜（15）N_（纸浆）和δ〜（18）O_（纸浆）。本文介绍了意大利纯正柑橘汁样品中SIR的特征变化范围，以及它们与AIJN和文献中提出的其他限值所表明的关系和依从性。特别是，发现意大利的价值范围与AIJN准则并不完全一致，存在冒牌果汁可能被判断为不是正版的风险。品种似乎不影响SIR，而收获年份和原产地对不同比例有一定影响，尽管在应用主成分分析时其数据分布显示出重叠。

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