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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of marine systems: journal of the European Association of Marine Sciences and Techniques >The coupling of long-term trace metal trends to internal trace metal fluxes at the oxic-anoxic interface in the Gotland Basin (57 degrees 19,20 ' N; 20 degrees 03,00 ' E) Baltic Sea
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The coupling of long-term trace metal trends to internal trace metal fluxes at the oxic-anoxic interface in the Gotland Basin (57 degrees 19,20 ' N; 20 degrees 03,00 ' E) Baltic Sea

机译：哥特兰盆地（57度19,20'N; 20度03,00'E）波罗的海的长期痕量金属趋势与内部痕量金属通量的耦合

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摘要

The Gotland Basin is a well-stratified water body with lower saline surface waters and a halocline between 70 and 90 m. Since 1996, a continuous oxygen depletion started in the deep water of the Gotland Basin after the major saltwater inflow 1993/ 1994.Since 1996, the deep water became anoxic during periodical intervals below 150 m up to the bottom (238 m), and since 1999, a permanent redox interface developed in the range of the 150 m depth horizon.This paper presents results on the trace metal speciation between dissolved and particulate phases during long-term changes, which will be explained in relation to the upward penetration and the seasonal movement of the redox interface.Trace metal trends for surface and deep waters were observed between 1993 and 2002. In the water body "Below Halocline" (- 15.9% year(-1)) and Pbdiss a decrease of the dissolved concentrations of Cd-diss (-7.6% year(-1)), Cu-diss(-8.3% year(-1)), Zn-diss (-7.6% year(-1)) were observed since 1995, due to the formation of sulfide species and their burial in the surface sediments."Above Halocline", slightly increasing concentrations were observed for Cddiss (+6% year(-1)) between 1994 and 1999 and for Zn-diss between 1994 and 1997, which has been attributed to the enrichment from riverine and atmospheric input in surface waters. Since 1999, the system is controlled and dominated by the vertical fluxes due to the establishing stagnant anoxic deep water body influencing the removal of trace metals from surface waters by time delay.Significant negative trends for Cd-diss (-11% year(-1)) and Zn-diss (-10% year(-1)) were observed "Above Halocline" since 1999 and 1997, respectively.Pb-diss shows a negative trend of -6% year(-1) "Above Halocline" between 1993 and 2002. Additional to the decrease of Pb use in gasoline, this result is attributed to the specific geochemistry and short residence time of Pb in connection with the strong affinity and export by particles of mainly lithogenic origin. For Cu-diss no trend was observed for surface waters.In this context, the relation of trace metal export through the redox interface and the linkage of trace metal dynamic due to eutrophication (movement of the redox interface) has been investigated on a seasonal scale.Highly resolved vertical profiles of trace metals (Pb, Col. Zn, Cu, Co, Fe. Mn) have been carried Out between December 1999 and February 2001 on a seasonal base. Calculations of dissolved trace metal fluxes using the vertical turbulent mixing coefficient according to the seasonal movement of the redoxcline gave information about the diffusive flux and quantitative transport of trace metals into the anoxic water body. For Cd-diss, Cu-diss and Zn-diss elevated downward fluxes were observed during winter season, and by a factor 1.5-2 reduced fluxes during summer. Co-diss Fe-diss and Mn-diss show no seasonal flux variations. About 25% of Col, 12% of Cu and 8% of Zn which has been supplied by rivers and by the atmosphere are eliminated by diffusive exchange, due to sulfide precipitation, across the oxic-anoxic interface in the Gotland Basin. For dissolved lead, the diffusive exchange is negligible. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：哥得兰盆地是一个分层良好的水体，地表水盐分较低，盐度在70至90 m之间。自1996年以来，在1993/1994年主要海水流入之后，哥得兰盆地的深水开始持续耗氧.1996年以来，深水在150 m以下至底部（238 m）的周期性间隔内变为缺氧状态，并且自从1999年，在150 m深度范围内开发了一个永久性的氧化还原界面。本文介绍了长期变化过程中溶解相和颗粒相之间的痕量金属形态的结果，这将与向上渗透和季节性有关在1993年至2002年之间观察到地表水和深水的痕量金属趋势。在“低于Halocline”（-15.9％year（-1））和Pbdiss的水体中，Cd-的溶解浓度降低。自1995年以来，由于形成了硫化物，观测到diss（-7.6％年（-1）），Cu-diss（-8.3％年（-1）），Zn-diss（-7.6％年（-1））。物种及其埋葬在地表沉积物中。“ Halocline以上”，浓度略有增加在1994年至1999年间，镉污染的发生率（+ 6％year（-1）），在1994年至1997年间，锌污染的发生率较高，这归因于河流和地表水中大气输入的富集。自1999年以来，由于建立停滞的缺氧深水体影响延迟时间从地表水中去除痕量金属，该系统受到垂直通量的控制和支配.Cd-diss的显着负趋势（-11％年（-1 ））和Zn-diss（-10％year（-1））分别在1999年和1997年被观测到“ Above Halocline”。Pb-diss呈现负趋势-6％year（-1）“ Alove Halocline”在1993年和2002年。除了汽油中Pb的使用量减少外，该结果还归因于Pb的特殊地球化学和短停留时间，以及与主要成岩成因的颗粒的强亲和力和出口有关。对于铜Diss，没有观察到地表水的趋势。在这种情况下，已经研究了季节性氧化还原金属通过氧化还原界面的出口与富营养化（氧化还原界面的运动）引起的微量金属动力学联系的关系。 1999年12月至2001年2月之间，以季节性为基础对痕量金属（铅，锌，铜，钴，铁，锰）的高分辨率垂直剖面进行了测量。根据氧化还原线的季节性运动，使用垂直湍流混合系数计算溶解的痕量金属通量，可得到有关扩散通量和痕量金属向缺氧水体中定量迁移的信息。对于Cd-diss，Cu-diss和Zn-diss在冬季观察到向下通量升高，而夏季通量下降了1.5-2倍。 Co-diss Fe-diss和Mn-diss没有季节性通量变化。河流和大气供应的约25％的Col，12％的Cu和8％的Zn通过硫化物沉淀在哥得兰盆地的氧-氧界面上的扩散交换而被消除。对于溶解的铅，扩散交换可以忽略不计。 （c）2004 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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