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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of marine systems: journal of the European Association of Marine Sciences and Techniques >An indicator-based evaluation of Black Sea food web dynamics during 1960–2000
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An indicator-based evaluation of Black Sea food web dynamics during 1960–2000

机译：1960–2000年黑海食物网动态的基于指标的评估

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摘要

Four Ecopathmass-balancemodels were implemented for evaluating the structure and function of the Black Sea ecosystemusing several ecological indicators during four distinctive periods (1960s, 1980–1987, 1988–1994 and 1995–2000). The results exemplify how the Black Sea ecosystemstructure started to change after the 1960s as a result of a series of trophic transformations, i.e., shifts in the energy flow pathways through the food web. These transformations were initiated by anthropogenic factors, such as eutrophication and overfishing, that led to the transfer of large quantities of energy to the trophic dead-end species, which had no natural predators in the ecosystem, i.e., jellyfish whose biomass increased from 0.03 g C m~(?2) in 1960–1969 to 0.933 g C m~(?2) in 1988– 1994. Concurrently, an alternative short pathway for energy transfer was formed that converted significant amounts of system production back to detritus. This decreased the transfer efficiency of energy flow from the primary producers to the higher trophic levels from9% in the 1960s to 3% between 1980 and 1987.We conclude that the anchovy stock collapse and successful establishment of the alien comb-jelly Mnemiopsis in 1989 were rooted in the trophic interactions in the foodweb, all of whichwere exacerbated because of the long-termestablishment of a combination of anthropogenic stressors.
机译：在四个不同的时期（1960年代，1980-1987年，1988-1994年和1995-2000年），采用了四个生态病态-平衡模型来利用几个生态指标评估黑海生态系统的结构和功能。这些结果说明了1960年代后黑海生态系统结构是如何通过一系列营养转化（即通过食物网的能量流动路径转移）而开始发生变化的。这些转化是由人为因素引起的，例如富营养化和过度捕捞，导致大量能量转移到了生态系统中没有天然捕食者的营养死角物种，即生物量从0.03 g增加的水母1960–1969年的C m〜（？2）到1988–1994年的0.933 g C m〜（？2）。同时，形成了另一种短距离的能量转移途径，该途径将大量的系统生产转化为碎屑。这使从初级生产者到较高营养层的能量流转移效率从1960年代的9％降低到1980年至1987年之间的3％。我们得出的结论是，the鱼种群的崩溃和1989年成功建立外星梳comb果蝇根源于食物网中的营养相互作用，由于长期建立了人为压力源的组合，所有这些都加剧了。

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