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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of marine systems: journal of the European Association of Marine Sciences and Techniques >Quantifying the heterogeneity of hypoxic and anoxic areas in the Baltic Sea by a simplified coupled hydrodynamic-oxygen consumption model approach
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Quantifying the heterogeneity of hypoxic and anoxic areas in the Baltic Sea by a simplified coupled hydrodynamic-oxygen consumption model approach

机译：通过简化的水动力-氧气消耗耦合模型方法量化波罗的海缺氧和缺氧区域的异质性

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摘要

The Baltic Sea deep waters suffer from extended areas of hypoxia and anoxia. Their intra- and inter-annual variability is mainly determined by saline inflows which transport oxygenated water to deeper layers. During the last decades, oxygen conditions in the Baltic Sea have generally worsened and thus, the extent of hypoxic as well as anoxic bottom water has increased considerably. Climate change may further increase hypoxia due to changes in the atmospheric forcing conditions resulting in less deep water renewal Baltic inflows, decreased oxygen solubility and increased respiration rates. Feedback from climate change can amplify effects from eutrophication. A decline in oxygen conditions has generally a negative impact on marine life in the Baltic Sea. Thus, a detailed description of the evolution of oxygenated, hypoxic and anoxic areas is particularly required when studying oxygen-related processes such as habitat utilization of spawning fish, survival rates of their eggs as well as settlement probability of juveniles. One of today's major challenges is still the modeling of deep water dissolved oxygen, especially for the Baltic Sea with its seasonal and quasi-permanent extended areas of oxygen deficiency. The detailed spatial and temporal evolution of the oxygen concentrations in the entire Baltic Sea have been simulated for the period 1970–2010 by utilizing a hydrodynamic Baltic Seamodel coupled to a simple pelagic and benthic oxygen consumption model. Model results are in very good agreement with CTD/O_2-profiles taken in different areas of the Baltic Sea. The model proved to be a useful tool to describe the detailed evolution of oxygenated, hypoxic and anoxic areas in the entire Baltic Sea. Model results are further applied to determine frequencies of the occurrence of areas of oxygen deficiency and cod reproduction volumes.
机译：波罗的海深水区的缺氧和缺氧区域扩大。它们的年内和年际变化主要取决于盐水的流入，这些盐水将含氧的水输送到更深的层。在过去的几十年中，波罗的海的氧气状况普遍恶化，因此，低氧和缺氧底水的范围已大大增加。由于大气强迫条件的变化，气候变化可能会进一步增加缺氧，导致较新的深水更新波罗的海流入量减少，氧溶解度降低和呼吸速率增加。来自气候变化的反馈可以放大富营养化的影响。氧气条件的下降通常会对波罗的海的海洋生物产生负面影响。因此，在研究与氧气有关的过程（例如产卵鱼的栖息地利用，卵的成活率以及幼鱼的定居概率）时，特别需要详细描述含氧，缺氧和缺氧区域的进化。当今的主要挑战之一仍然是对深水溶解氧的建模，尤其是对于季节性缺氧和准永久性缺氧地区的波罗的海。通过利用流体动力学波罗的海模型与简单的上层和底栖耗氧模型相结合，对整个波罗的海中氧浓度的详细时空演变进行了模拟（1970-2010年）。模型结果与在波罗的海不同地区拍摄的CTD / O_2剖面非常吻合。该模型被证明是描述整个波罗的海氧化，缺氧和缺氧区域详细演变的有用工具。将模型结果进一步应用于确定缺氧区域和鳕鱼繁殖量的发生频率。

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