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Smart Coulomb Counter for Self-Metering Wireless Sensor Nodes Consumption

机译：智能库仑计数器，用于自测无线传感器节点消耗

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摘要

The design of a node of a wireless sensor network is a challenging task, as it is expected to be small, reliable and low cost, using hardware that is characterized by limited resources, including energy, computation power, memory and communication bandwidth. In order to save the valuable energy it would be instrumental to measure the energy consumption by every deployed node on the field. Prospective applications include, energy-aware routing and hardware diagnosis for detecting subsystems' faults or unusual power consumption. In this work we propose a measurement method and circuit, named Smart Coulomb Counter (SCC), that easily adds to a sensor node the capability of measuring its own energy consumption. This hardware-based approach consists in duty-cycling the measurement circuit together with the sensor node, thus lowering its power consumption. Experimental results demonstrates that SCC has a very low power consumption, ensuring an almost negligible impact in the battery lifetime. Other advantages of SCC include high dynamic range, high linear range, very low temperature drift, independence of the power supply, easy to integrate and low resource requirements in terms of memory and processor usage, as well as in terms of component count (area and cost). A fully-functional prototype based on the sensor node TelosB running ContikiOS was developed. The main features have been tested on the field and the advantages of our system were demonstrated in real conditions. Finally, a comparison between our solution and a software-based approach (Energest) is presented.
机译：无线传感器网络的节点的设计是一项艰巨的任务，因为使用具有有限资源（包括能量，计算能力，内存和通信带宽）的硬件，它的体积预计要小，可靠且成本低。为了节省宝贵的能量，将有助于测量现场每个已部署节点的能耗。预期的应用包括能量感知路由和用于诊断子系统故障或异常功耗的硬件诊断。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种称为智能库仑计数器（SCC）的测量方法和电路，可以轻松地向传感器节点添加测量其自身能耗的能力。这种基于硬件的方法包括将测量电路与传感器节点一起进行占空比循环，从而降低其功耗。实验结果表明，SCC的功耗非常低，从而确保了对电池寿命的影响几乎可以忽略不计。 SCC的其他优点包括高动态范围，高线性范围，极低的温度漂移，电源的独立性，易于集成以及就内存和处理器使用以及组件数（面积和面积）而言资源需求低成本）。开发了基于运行ContikiOS的传感器节点TelosB的全功能原型。主要功能已在现场进行了测试，我们的系统的优势在真实条件下得到了证明。最后，介绍了我们的解决方案与基于软件的方法（Energest）之间的比较。

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