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Matrix group structure and Markov invariants in the strand symmetric phylogenetic substitution model

机译:链对称系统发生替换模型中的矩阵群结构和Markov不变量

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We consider the continuous-time presentation of the strand symmetric phylogenetic substitution model (in which rate parameters are unchanged under nucleotide permutations given by Watson-Crick base conjugation). Algebraic analysis of the model's underlying structure as a matrix group leads to a change of basis where the rate generator matrix is given by a two-part block decomposition. We apply representation theoretic techniques and, for any (fixed) number of phylogenetic taxa L and polynomial degree D of interest, provide the means to classify and enumerate the associated Markov invariants. In particular, in the quadratic and cubic cases we prove there are precisely and linearly independent Markov invariants, respectively. Additionally, we give the explicit polynomial forms of the Markov invariants for (i) the quadratic case with any number of taxa L, and (ii) the cubic case in the special case of a three-taxon phylogenetic tree. We close by showing our results are of practical interest since the quadratic Markov invariants provide independent estimates of phylogenetic distances based on (i) substitution rates within Watson-Crick conjugate pairs, and (ii) substitution rates across conjugate base pairs.
机译:我们考虑链对称系统发生替换模型的连续时间表示(其中速率参数在由Watson-Crick碱基缀合给出的核苷酸排列下不变)。将模型的基础结构作为矩阵组进行代数分析会导致基础发生变化,其中速率生成器矩阵由两部分的块分解给出。我们应用表示理论技术,并且对于任何(固定)数量的系统发生分类单元L和感兴趣的多项式D,都提供了分类和枚举关联的Markov不变量的方法。特别是,在二次和三次情况下,我们证明分别存在精确和线性独立的马尔可夫不变量。此外,我们为(i)具有任意数量的分类单元L的二次情况和(ii)在三分类群系统发育树的特殊情况下的三次情况给出了Markov不变量的显式多项式形式。最后,由于二次马尔可夫不变量基于(i)Watson-Crick共轭对内的取代率和(ii)共轭碱基对内的取代率,提供了系统发育距离的独立估计,因此我们的结果是实用的。

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