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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Medical Entomology >Influence of deer abundance on the abundance of questing adult Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae)
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Influence of deer abundance on the abundance of questing adult Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae)

机译：鹿的丰度对探寻成年I肩I（Ixodes scapularis）（Acari：Ixodidae）的影响

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摘要

Nymphs and adults of I. scapularis were sampled by flagging at 2 sites on a barrier island, Fire Island, New York, USA, and at 2 sites on the nearby mainland of Long Island. Nymphal densities did not differ consistently between island and mainland sites, but adult densities were consistently lower on the island. The authors tested whether lower adult densities on the island resulted from greater nymphal mortality on the island than the mainland, or whether adult ticks on the island were poorly sampled by flagging because they had attached abundantly to deer [Odocoileus virginianus], which were common on Fire Island. Differential nymphal mortality on islands vs mainland did not explain this difference in adult densities because survival of flat andengorged nymphs in enclosures was the same at island and mainland sites. Ticks were infected by parasitic wasps (Ixodiphagus hookeri) on the island and not the mainland, but the infection rate (4.3%) was too low to explain the difference in adult tick densities. In contrast, exclusion of deer by game fencing on Fire Island resulted in markedly increased numbers of adult ticks in flagging samples inside compared with samples taken outside the exclosures. Therefore, the scarcity of adult ticks in flagging samples on Fire Island resulted, at least in part, from the ticks being unavailable to flagging samples because they were on deer hosts. Differences in the densities of flagged ticks inside and outside the exclosures were used to estimate the percentage of questing adults on Fire Island that found deer hosts, excluding those that attached to other host species.～56% of these questing adult ticks found deer hosts in 1995 and 50% found deer hosts in 1996. Therefore, in areas where vertebrate hosts are highly abundant, large proportions of the questing tick population can find hosts. Moreover, comparisons of tick densities at different sites by flagging can be potentially biased by differences in host densities among sites.
机译：通过在美国纽约州火岛的屏障岛的2个地点和在长岛附近的2个地点进行标记，对肩cap鱼的若虫和成虫进行了采样。在岛屿和大陆地点之间，若虫密度没有一致的差异，但是在岛屿上，成虫的密度始终较低。作者测试了该岛上成年密度的降低是否是由于该岛上的若虫死亡率高于大陆造成的，还是该岛上的成年壁虱是否通过标记采集的采样率不佳，因为它们与鹿[Odocoileus virginianus]有着很强的依附性。火岛。岛屿与大陆上若虫的死亡率不同并不能解释成年密度的差异，因为在岛屿和大陆地点，圈闭的平坦和饱满的若虫的存活率是相同的。 the虫是在岛上而非大陆上被寄生性黄蜂（Ixodiphagus hookeri）感染的，但感染率（4.3％）太低，无法解释成年tick密度的差异。相反，在火岛上用围栏将鹿排除在外，与在该排泄物外采集的标本相比，内部标记的标本成年tick的数量明显增加。因此，火岛上有标本的成年tick的稀缺至少部分是由于这些the在鹿寄主上而无法用于有标本。剔除物内部和外部所标记的s的密度的差异用于估计火岛上发现鹿寄主的成年成鸟的百分比，不包括附着在其他寄主物种上的成年s。约56％的成年s在鹿中发现了鹿寄主。 1995年，有50％的人在1996年找到了鹿的寄主。因此，在脊椎动物寄主非常丰富的地区，大部分的壁虱种群都能找到寄主。此外，通过标记对不同位置的tick密度进行比较可能会因位置之间宿主密度的差异而产生偏差。

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