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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Medical Entomology >Crimson: A novel sex-linked eye color mutant of Culex pipiens L. (Diptera : Culicidae)
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Crimson: A novel sex-linked eye color mutant of Culex pipiens L. (Diptera : Culicidae)

机译：绯红色：淡色库蚊（Culex pipiens L.）的一种新型的性相关眼色突变体（双翅目：库蚊科）

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摘要

Xanthommatin is the primary ommochrome eye pigment in mosquitoes. The terminal step xanthommatin biosynthesis, involving oxidation of 3-hydroxykynurenine (3HK), can proceed enzymatically by phenoxazinone synthase or by nonenzymatic auto-oxidation of 3HK. The relative contributions of these pathways, however, are unclear. We isolated a novel Culex pipiens mutant (crimson) that could be used to address this question. Homozygous crimson embryos exhibit no visible eyespot; first-instar larval ocelli are colorless. Eyes gradually turn red through immature development. Teneral crimson adults possess red eyes that darken to wild-type approximate to5 d after emergence. Crosses indicate that crimson is sex-linked and fully recessive. Addition of xanthommatin precursors to rearing water did not rescue wild-type phenotype and suggested that the mutation is in the terminal step of ommochrome biosynthesis. Crimson expression was not temperature sensitive. Thin-layer chromatography demonstrated teneral crimson adults lacked xanthommatin. Teneral and aged wild-type adults exhibited low-mobility black ommochrome spots; aged crimson adults exhibited low-mobility brown-red ommochrome spots. Absorbance spectroscopy of eye extracts indicated teneral adult crimson eyes lacked xanthommatin but had abnormally high levels of 3HK, whereas extracts of 10-d-old crimson adults had depleted levels of 3HK and detectable levels of xanthommatin. Light microscopy indicated that eyes of young (3 d old) wild-type adults had a high concentration of pigment granules. Eyes of teneral crimson adults had no pigment granules. Eyes of 20-d-old crimson adults had low levels of pigment granules. We suggest two possible mechanisms for the crimson mutation: (1) transport of 3HK into the pigment cells and/or pigment granules is slow, with normal oxidation of 3HK into xanthommatin, or (2) 3HK is transported normally into pigment cells/granules but is not immediately oxidized to xanthommatin, resulting in 3HK hyper-accumulation and slow nonenzymatic production of xanthommatin after adult emergence.
机译：Xanthommatin是蚊子中主要的全色素眼色素。涉及3-羟基犬尿氨酸（3HK）氧化的末端步骤黄体素生物合成可以通过苯恶嗪酮合酶或通过3HK的非酶促自氧化酶促进行。但是，这些途径的相对作用尚不清楚。我们分离了一个新颖的淡色库蚊突变体（深红色），可以用来解决这个问题。纯合的深红色胚胎没有可见的斑点。一龄幼虫卵是无色的。不成熟的眼睛会逐渐变红。赤褐色的深红色成虫在出苗后约5 d时红眼睛变黑至野生型。十字架表示深红色与性相关，并且完全处于隐性状态。在饲养水中添加黄体素前体不能拯救野生型表型，并表明该突变是在全色素生物合成的最终步骤中。深红色的表达对温度不敏感。薄层色谱法表明，成年赤红色成年人缺乏黄体素。野性和老年野生型成年人表现出低迁移率的黑色全色素斑点;老年深红色成年人表现出低活动性棕红色全色素斑点。眼提取物的吸收光谱表明，成年的深红色成年猩猩眼睛缺乏黄体素，但3HK含量异常高，而10 d大深红色成年者的提取物中3HK含量低，可检测出的黄体素水平。光学显微镜表明，年轻（3岁大）野生型成年人的眼睛中色素颗粒浓度很高。赤褐色成年成年人的眼睛没有色素颗粒。 20岁的深红色成年人的眼睛中的色素颗粒含量较低。我们提出了深红色突变的两种可能机制：（1）3HK转运到色素细胞和/或色素颗粒中的速度很慢，正常地将3HK氧化成黄体素，或（2）3HK正常转运到色素细胞/颗粒中，但是不会立即被氧化成黄体素，从而导致3HK过度积累，成年后黄体素的非酶生成缓慢。

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