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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Medical Entomology >Knockdown resistance allele frequencies in North American head louse (Anoplura: Pediculidae) populations.
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Knockdown resistance allele frequencies in North American head louse (Anoplura: Pediculidae) populations.

机译：北美头虱（Anoplura：Pediculidae）种群的抗击等位基因频率。

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The study examines the extent and frequency of a knockdown-type resistance allele (kdr type) in North American populations of human head lice. Lice were collected from 32 locations in Canada and the United States. DNA was extracted from individual lice and used to determine their zygosity using the serial invasive signal amplification technique to detect the kdr-type T917I (TI) mutation, which is most responsible for nerve insensitivity that results in the kdr phenotype and permethrin resistance. Previously sampled sites were resampled to determine if the frequency of the TI mutation was changing. The TI frequency was also reevaluated using a quantitative sequencing method on pooled DNA samples from selected sites to validate this population genotyping method. Genotyping substantiated that TI occurs at high levels in North American lice (88.4%). Overall, the TI frequency in U.S. lice was 84.4% from 1999 to 2009, increased to 99.6% from 2007 to 2009, and was 97.1% in Canadian lice in 2008. Genotyping results using the serial invasive signal amplification reaction (99.54%) and quantitative sequencing (99.45%) techniques were highly correlated. Thus, the frequencies of TI in North American head louse populations were found to be uniformly high, which may be due to the high selection pressure from the intensive and widespread use of the pyrethrins- or pyrethroid-based pediculicides over many years, and is likely a main cause of increased pediculosis and failure of pyrethrins- or permethrin-based products in Canada and the United States. Alternative approaches to treatment of head lice infestations are critically needed.
机译：这项研究检查了北美人类头虱人群中一个敲低型抗性等位基因（kdr型）的程度和频率。从加拿大和美国的32个地点收集了虱子。从单个虱子中提取DNA，并使用串行侵入信号放大技术检测kdr型T917I（TI）突变，以确定其接合性，这是导致kdr表型和氯菊酯抗性的神经不敏感的主要原因。对先前采样的位置进行重新采样，以确定TI突变的频率是否正在改变。还使用定量测序方法对来自选定位点的合并DNA样品进行了TI频率重新评估，以验证该人群的基因分型方法。基因分型证实了TI在北美虱子中的发生率很高（88.4％）。总体而言，从1999年至2009年，美国虱子的TI频率为84.4％，从2007年至2009年增加到99.6％，而在2008年在加拿大虱子中为97.1％。使用串行侵入信号放大反应（99.54％）和定量的基因分型结果测序（99.45％）技术高度相关。因此，发现北美头虱种群中TI的频率一致较高，这可能是由于多年来基于大量除虫菊酯或拟除虫菊酯类除草剂的大量选择压力所致。在加拿大和美国，基于除虫菊酯或苄氯菊酯的产品引起儿童脚病增多和失效的主要原因。迫切需要治疗头虱侵扰的替代方法。

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