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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Medical Entomology >Staphylococcus aureus in the house fly: temporospatial fate of bacteria and expression of the antimicrobial peptide defensin.
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Staphylococcus aureus in the house fly: temporospatial fate of bacteria and expression of the antimicrobial peptide defensin.

机译：家蝇中的金黄色葡萄球菌：细菌的颞pat命运和抗菌肽防御素的表达。

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摘要

House flies disseminate numerous species of bacteria acquired during feeding and breeding activities in microbe-rich habitats. Previous house fly surveys have detected the pathogen Staphylococcus aureus Rosenbach 1884, which causes cutaneous and septic infections in mammals, and enterotoxic food poisoning. We assessed the fate of GFP-expressing S. aureus (GFP- S. aureus) in the house fly alimentary canal with microscopy and by culture of whole flies and excreta. Furthermore, the concurrent expression of the antimicrobial peptide gene defensin was measured in the crop, proventriculus, midgut, and fat body. As soon as 4 h postingestion (PI), GFP- S. aureus were visualized as cocci or diplococci in the hindgut and rectum of flies fed ~10 5 colony forming units. Bacteria persisted up to 6 h PI but significantly decreased. Excretion of viable GFP- S. aureus peaked at 2 h PI and, although significantly less, continued up to 4 h PI. defensin was highly upregulated locally in the alimentary canal and systemically in fat body at 2, 4, and 6 h PI making this study the first to report, to our knowledge, an epithelial and systemic response to a bacterium with lysine-type peptidoglycan in flies exposed via feeding. While flies harbored S. aureus for up to 6 h PI, the highest probability of vectoring biologically relevant amounts of bacteria occurred 0-2 h PI. The combined effects of excretion, digestion and antimicrobial effectors likely contribute to loss of ingested bacteria. Nonetheless, house flies are relevant vectors for S. aureus up to 2 h PI and environmental reservoirs up to 6 h PI.
机译：家蝇散布在富含微生物的栖息地的进食和繁殖活动中获得的多种细菌。先前的家蝇调查发现了病原体金黄色葡萄球菌Rosenbach 1884，它会引起哺乳动物的皮肤和败血病感染，以及肠毒性食物中毒。我们通过显微镜检查和通过全蝇和粪便的培养评估了在家蝇消化道中表达GFP的金黄色葡萄球菌（GFP-S。aureus）的命运。此外，还测量了抗微生物肽基因防御素在作物，前庭，中肠和脂肪体内的同时表达。植入后4小时（PI），在喂食约10 5个菌落形成单位的果蝇的后肠和直肠中，GFP-金黄色葡萄球菌就显示为球菌或双球菌。细菌持续长达PI 6小时，但显着下降。活的GFP-金黄色葡萄球菌的排泄在PI 2小时达到峰值，尽管显着降低，但持续至PI 4 h。 PI在第2、4和6小时在消化道中局部上调，并在脂肪体内全身性上调，这使得这项研究首次向我们报告了对果蝇中赖氨酸型肽聚糖细菌的上皮和全身反应通过喂食暴露。当果蝇在金黄色葡萄球菌中的庇护时间长达6小时，而将生物学上相关数量的细菌引导入载体的最大可能性则是在0-2小时PI。排泄，消化和抗菌效应物的综合作用可能导致摄入细菌的流失。但是，家蝇是PI达2 h的金黄色葡萄球菌和PI达6 h的环境水库的相关载体。

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