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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of natural toxins >Lupines, poison-hemlock and Nicotiana spp: toxicity and teratogenicity in livestock.
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Lupines, poison-hemlock and Nicotiana spp: toxicity and teratogenicity in livestock.

机译：羽扇豆，毒铁杉和烟草：家畜的毒性和致畸性。

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摘要

Many species of lupines contain quinolizidine or piperidine alkaloids known to be toxic or teratogenic to livestock. Poison-hemlock (Conium maculatum) and Nicotiana spp. including N. tabacum and N. glauca contain toxic and teratogenic piperidine alkaloids. The toxic and teratogenic effects from these plant species have distinct similarities including maternal muscular weakness and ataxia and fetal contracture-type skeletal defects and cleft palate. It is believed that the mechanism of action of the piperidine and quinolizidine alkaloid-induced teratogenesis is the same; however, there are some differences in incidence, susceptible gestational periods, and severity between livestock species. Wildlife species have also been poisoned after eating poison-hemlock but no terata have been reported. The most widespread problem for livestock producers in recent times has been lupine-induced "crooked calf disease." Crooked calf disease is characterized as skeletal contracture-type malformations and occasional cleft palate in calves after maternal ingestion of lupines containing the quinolizidine alkaloid anagyrine during gestation days 40-100. Similar malformations have been induced in cattle and goats with lupines containing the piperidine alkaloids ammodendrine, N-methyl ammodendrine, and N-acetyl hystrine and in cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs with poison-hemlock containing predominantly coniine or gamma-coniceine and N. glauca containing anabasine. Toxic and teratogenic effects have been linked to structural aspects of these alkaloids, and the mechanism of action is believed to be associated with an alkaloid-induced inhibition of fetal movement during specific gestational periods. This review presents a historical perspective, description and distribution of lupines, poison-hemlock and Nicotiana spp., toxic and teratogenic effects and management information to reduce losses.
机译：羽扇豆的许多种都含有已知对家畜有毒或致畸的喹喔啉或哌啶生物碱。毒铁杉（Conium maculatum）和烟草。包括烟草和青冈含有毒性和致畸性哌啶生物碱。这些植物物种的毒性和致畸作用具有明显的相似性，包括母体肌肉无力和共济失调以及胎儿挛缩型骨骼缺损和c裂。据认为，哌啶和喹喔啉生物碱诱导的致畸作用的作用机理是相同的。但是，牲畜物种之间的发生率，易感的妊娠期和严重程度存在一些差异。食用毒药铁杉后，野生生物也被中毒，但尚未报道有terata。近年来，畜牧生产者最普遍的问题是羽扇豆诱发的“弯曲小牛病”。弯曲的小腿疾病的特征是在妊娠40-100天中母体摄入含有喹诺唑烷生物碱Anagyrine的羽扇豆后，小腿骨骼挛缩型畸形和偶发的c裂。牛和山羊的羽扇豆中含有哌啶生物碱氨苯地那碱，N-甲基氨苯地那碱和N-乙酰基hystrine，牛，山羊，山羊和猪中也有类似的畸形。含有黄aba碱的青草。毒性和致畸作用已与这些生物碱的结构方面相关联，并且据认为其作用机理与生物碱在特定妊娠期对胎儿运动的抑制有关。这篇综述介绍了羽扇豆，毒铁杉和烟草属的历史观点，描述和分布，毒性和致畸作用以及减少损失的管理信息。

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