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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance >Strategies for Self-Repairing Shape Memory Alloy Actuators
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Strategies for Self-Repairing Shape Memory Alloy Actuators

机译：自修复形状记忆合金执行器的策略

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摘要

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are thermally activated smart materials. Due to their ability to change into a previously imprinted actual shape by the means of thermal activation, they are suitable as actuators for microsystems and, within certain limitations, macroscopic systems. A commonly used shape memory actuator type is an alloy of nickel and titanium (NiTi), which starts to transform its inner phase from martensitic to austenitic structure at a certain austenite start temperature. Retransformation starts at martensitic start temperature after running a hysteresis cycle. Most SMA-systems use straight wire actuators because of their simple integration, the occurring cost reduction and the resulting miniaturization. Unfortunately, SMA-actuators are only seldom used by constructors and system developers. This is due to occurring functional fatigue effects which depend on boundary conditions like system loads, strains, and number of cycles. The actuating stroke does not reduce essentially during the first thousand cycles. Striking is the elongation of the wire while maintaining the stroke during cycling (walking). In order to create a system which adjusts and repairs itself, different concepts to solve this problem are presented. They vary from smart control methods to constructive solutions with calibration systems. The systems are analyzed due to their effective, life cycle, and system costs showing outstanding advantages in comparison to commonly used SMA actuators.
机译：形状记忆合金（SMA）是热激活的智能材料。由于它们具有通过热激活而转变成先前印记的实际形状的能力，因此它们适合用作微型系统和宏观系统（在某些限制下）的致动器。常用的形状记忆致动器类型是镍和钛（NiTi）合金，它在一定的奥氏体起始温度下开始将其内相从马氏体转变为奥氏体结构。运行磁滞循环后，重新转变在马氏体起始温度开始。由于其简单的集成，降低的成本以及随之而来的小型化，大多数SMA系统都使用直线执行器。不幸的是，只有构造函数和系统开发人员很少使用SMA执行器。这是由于发生的功能疲劳效应所致，而疲劳效应取决于边界条件，例如系统负载，应变和循环次数。在前一千个周期内，调节行程基本不会减小。敲击是导线的伸长，同时在骑行（步行）过程中保持冲程。为了创建一个可自我调整和修复的系统，提出了解决此问题的不同概念。从智能控制方法到带有校准系统的建设性解决方案，它们都有所不同。与常规的SMA执行器相比，分析了这些系统的有效性，生命周期和系统成本，这些系统显示出显着的优势。

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