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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance >An Updated Assessment of Graphitization of Steels in Elevated Temperature Service
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An Updated Assessment of Graphitization of Steels in Elevated Temperature Service

机译：高温作业中钢的石墨化的最新评估

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Recent experience with damage and failure due to graphitization in electric power plant piping of carbon (C) and carbon-molybdenum (C-Mo) steel suggests that the previously developed time-temperature curves for graphitization prediction, first published over two decades ago, merit review. Recent data were combined with an exhaustive review of available literature. As with the earlier research, available experience data with reported approximate extent of graphitization and nominal service exposure conditions were analyzed for the predictions. When the data were combined, the database consisted of 281 data points. The data are in contrast to the roughly 40 points used in the prior research. The nature of the expanded C steel weldment database was such that the analysis could not effectively discriminate between all of the five graphitization levels used in previous research efforts. In this analysis, it was found that the level of graphitization as a function of time and temperature could be categorized into three broad "risk" ranges-defined as low, moderate, and significant, and that the curves delineating these ranges could be developed in a statistically conservative manner. These conservative time-temperature prediction curves are offered as an update to the previous time-temperature curves. Although the data for C-Mo steel base metal and weldments and on C steel base metal were inadequate for a full quantitative analysis, the experience with these materials cases is presented within the context of the C steel weldment risk curves and preliminary time-temperature conditions warranting concern for graphitization are offered. Finally, a partial validation of the risk curves is presented in examination of power plant piping that had operated for over 400,000 h.
机译：碳（C）和碳-钼（C-Mo）钢在电厂管道中因石墨化而造成的损坏和故障的最新经验表明，先前开发的用于石墨化预测的时间-温度曲线最有价值，这是二十多年前首次发表的评论。最近的数据与现有文献的详尽综述相结合。与早先的研究一样，对可获得的经验数据以及所报告的石墨化程度和名义服务暴露条件进行了近似分析。合并数据时，数据库包含281个数据点。数据与先前研究中使用的大约40点形成对比。扩展的C钢焊件数据库的性质使得分析无法有效地区分先前研究工作中使用的所有五个石墨化水平。在此分析中，发现石墨化水平随时间和温度的变化可分为三个宽泛的“风险”范围，分别定义为低，中和显着，并且可以绘制出描绘这些范围的曲线。统计上保守的方式。这些保守的时间-温度预测曲线是对先前时间-温度曲线的更新。尽管C-Mo钢母材和焊件以及C钢母材的数据不足以进行全面的定量分析，但在C钢焊件风险曲线和初步的时温条件下提供了这些材料案例的经验。提供了对石墨化的关注。最后，在运行时间超过40万小时的电厂管道检查中，对风险曲线进行了部分验证。

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