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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of near infrared spectroscopy >Functional near infrared spectroscopy in psychiatry: a critical review
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Functional near infrared spectroscopy in psychiatry: a critical review

机译：精神病学中的功能性近红外光谱法：一项重要的评论

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This review deals with the utilisation of functional near infrared (fNIR) spectroscopy for an in vivo assessment of activation changes in brain tissue, which has broadened the range of non-invasive functional imaging methods within the field of neuroscientific research. Due to its simple and quick applicability as well as the absence of side effects, fNIR spectroscopy is particularly well tolerated by psychiatric patients and can hence markedly contribute to the understanding of the neurobiological basis of psychiatric disorders. The optical, light-based method emits near infrared wavelengths of about 700-1000nm, which are able to penetrate the scalp and skull, into the head. Because near infrared light is distinctively absorbed by the chromophores oxy-haemoglobin (O_2Hb) and deoxy-haemoglobin (HHb), the measured relative amount of reflected NIR light can indicate regional oxygenation patterns in cortical brain tissue with a depth resolution of, on average, 1.5cm and a spatial resolution of about 2-3cm. Validity and reliability of fNIR spectroscopy measurements to assess task-related cognitive activation have been repeatedly confirmed among healthy subjects. Beyond that, the application of fNIR spectroscopy to detect altered cortical oxygenation in psychiatric patients during cognitive tasks has been greatly intensified over the last two decades. In this context, hypo-frontality, a decrease in frontal lobe activity that is associated with a number of clinical symptoms and psychiatric disorders, has been demonstrated in a wide range of fNIR spectroscopy studies with psychiatric patients. Despite its variety of beneficial properties, the most apparent disadvantages of NIR spectroscopy compared to other imaging techniques are its limited spatial as well as depth resolution and its restriction to cortical areas. Although multimodal approaches based on simultaneous application of NIR spectroscopy combined with other imaging techniques initially revealed promising results, further technical development and a broadened implementation of combined measurements are necessary in order to uncover distinct brain activity alterations in different psychiatric disorders. In addition to the need for further technical improvement of the method, broad and longitudinal applications of fNIR spectroscopy measurements in psychiatric research are required in order to identify robust diagnostic markers which are required to establish NIR spectroscopy as a valid inter-individual screening instrument in psychiatry.
机译：这项审查涉及功能性近红外（fNIR）光谱在脑组织中激活变化的体内评估的利用，这扩大了神经科学研究领域内的非侵入性功能成像方法的范围。由于fNIR光谱法简单易行且适用性强，并且没有副作用，因此精神病患者特别容易耐受，因此可以显着促进对精神病神经生物学基础的理解。基于光学的光学方法会发出大约700-1000nm的近红外波长，该波长能够穿透头皮和颅骨进入头部。由于近红外光被生色团的氧-血红蛋白（O_2Hb）和脱氧-血红蛋白（HHb）独特地吸收，因此所测量的反射近红外光的相对量可以表明皮质脑组织中的区域氧合作用模式，其深度分辨率平均为1.5厘米，空间分辨率约为2-3厘米。 fNIR光谱测量评估任务相关的认知激活的有效性和可靠性已在健康受试者中反复得到证实。除此之外，在过去的二十年中，fNIR光谱技术在认知任务期间检测精神病患者皮层氧合变化的应用已大大增强。在这种情况下，在对精神病患者进行的各种fNIR光谱研究中已证实了低额性，即额叶活动的减少与许多临床症状和精神疾病有关。尽管NIR光谱具有多种有益特性，但与其他成像技术相比，其最明显的缺点是其有限的空间和深度分辨率以及对皮质区域的限制。尽管基于同时应用NIR光谱技术和其他成像技术的多峰方法最初显示出令人鼓舞的结果，但是为了揭示不同精神疾病中不同的大脑活动变化，仍需要进一步的技术发展和组合测量的广泛实施。除了需要对该方法进行进一步的技术改进外，还需要fNIR光谱测量在精神病学研究中的广泛和纵向应用，以便确定将NIR光谱建立为有效的精神病学个体间筛查仪器所需的可靠诊断标记。

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