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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids: A Journal Devoted to Oxide, Halide, Chalcogenide and Metallic Glasses, Amorphous Semiconductors, Non-Crystalline Films, Glass-Ceramics and Glassy Composites >Extended constraints, arches and soft modes in granular materials
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Extended constraints, arches and soft modes in granular materials

机译：颗粒材料中的扩展约束，拱形和软模式

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摘要

A granular material is a network of fixed length edges linking two grains in contact, and flexible hinges if the grains can rotate without sliding on each other. The network is then dynamically unfrustrated: it can deform freely under shear and behaves like a dry fluid. A sufficient condition for non-frustration in 3D is that all circuits of grains in contact are even. Frustration is concentrated on odd circuits, and the 'odd vorticity' forms loops in 3D. Thus, some constraints in the network cannot be accounted for by local mean-field analysis. These extended constraints and the means of accounting for them are discussed. A granular packing can be described as a graph, with a connection carried by the edges. If all circuits of grains in contact are even, the connection is pure gauge, independent of the path between grains. When shear stress is applied over a large scale, it can break the frustrating odd circuits by disconnecting selected grains in contact, leaving all other contacts and even circuits unaffected. The granular material deforms freely like dry quicksand, as occurs in silent earthquakes, soil liquefaction, wet sand under foot (dilatancy) and, to some extent, in geological faults. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：粒状材料是固定长度的边缘网络，连接两个接触的谷物，如果谷物可以旋转而不会彼此滑动，则为柔性铰链。然后，该网络将动态地不受挫：它可以在剪切作用下自由变形，并且表现得像干流体。 3D中无挫折的充分条件是，所有接触晶粒的电路都是均匀的。挫败感集中在奇数电路上，“奇数涡旋”形成3D循环。因此，网络中的某些约束无法通过局部均值场分析来解决。讨论了这些扩展的约束条件以及解决这些问题的方法。颗粒状填充物可以描述为图形，其中连接由边缘承载。如果所有接触谷物的电路均等，则连接是纯规格的，与谷物之间的路径无关。当大范围施加切应力时，它会通过断开接触中的选定晶粒来破坏令人沮丧的奇数电路，而使所有其他触点甚至电路均不受影响。颗粒状材料像干燥的流沙一样自由变形，这发生在无声地震，土壤液化，脚下湿沙（膨胀）和某种程度上的地质断裂中。 （c）2006 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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