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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of neuroendocrinology >Maternal perinatal undernutrition has long-term consequences on morphology, function and gene expression of the adrenal medulla in the adult male rat.
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Maternal perinatal undernutrition has long-term consequences on morphology, function and gene expression of the adrenal medulla in the adult male rat.

机译：产妇围产期营养不良对成年雄性大鼠肾上腺髓质的形态，功能和基因表达具有长期影响。

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Epidemiological studies suggest that maternal undernutrition sensitises to the development of chronic adult diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension and obesity. Although the physiological mechanisms involved in this 'perinatal programming' remain largely unknown, alterations of stress neuroendocrine systems such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and sympathoadrenal axes might play a crucial role. Despite recent reports showing that maternal perinatal undernutrition disturbs chromaffin cells organisation and activity in male rats at weaning, its long-term effects on adrenal medulla in adult animals are unknown. Using a rat model of maternal perinatal 50% food restriction (FR50) from the second week of gestation until weaning, histochemistry approaches revealed alterations in noradrenergic chromaffin cells aggregation and in cholinergic innervation in the adrenal medulla of 8-month-old FR50 rats. Electron microscopy showed that chromaffin cell granules exhibited ultrastructural changes in FR50 rats. These morphological changes were associated with reduced circulating levels and excretion of catecholamines. By contrast, catecholamine plasma levels were significantly increased after a 16 or 72 h of fasting, indicating that the responsiveness of the sympathoadrenal system to food deprivation was accentuated in FR50 adult rats. Among 384 pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide-sensitive genes, we identified 129 genes (33.6%) that were under expressed (ratio < 0.7) in FR50 animals. A large number of these genes are involved in cytoskeleton remodelling and vesicle trafficking. Taken together, our results show that maternal perinatal undernutrition programmes adrenomedullary function and gene expression in adult male rats. Because catecholamines contribute to metabolic homeostasis, as well as arterial blood pressure regulation, the alterations observed in the adrenal medulla of adult male FR50 rats may participate in the programming of chronic adult diseases.
机译：流行病学研究表明，母亲营养不良对慢性成人疾病（例如2型糖尿病，高血压和肥胖症）的发展敏感。尽管参与这种“围产期编程”的生理机制仍然未知，但是应激神经内分泌系统的改变（例如下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）和交感肾上腺轴）可能起着至关重要的作用。尽管最近有报道显示母体围产期营养不良会影响断奶时雄性大鼠的嗜铬细胞组织和活性，但它对成年动物肾上腺髓质的长期影响尚不清楚。使用从妊娠第二周到断奶的产妇围产期50％食物限制（FR50）的大鼠模型，组织化学方法揭示了8个月大FR50大鼠肾上腺髓质中肾上腺素能嗜铬细胞聚集和胆碱能神经支配的改变。电镜观察表明，FR50大鼠嗜铬细胞颗粒明显超微结构改变。这些形态变化与循环水平降低和儿茶酚胺排泄有关。相比之下，禁食16或72 h后儿茶酚胺血浆水平显着升高，表明在FR50成年大鼠中，交感肾上腺系统对食物缺乏的反应性增强。在384个垂体腺苷酸环化酶激活多肽敏感基因中，我们鉴定出FR50动物中表达不足（比率<0.7）的129个基因（33.6％）。这些基因中的大量参与细胞骨架重塑和囊泡运输。两者合计，我们的结果表明，成年雄性大鼠的产妇围产期营养不良计划肾上腺髓质功能和基因表达。由于儿茶酚胺有助于代谢稳态以及动脉血压的调节，因此在成年雄性FR50大鼠的肾上腺髓质中观察到的改变可能参与了慢性成年疾病的编程。

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