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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Nematology, with Annual of Applied Nematology >Sustainable Approaches to the Management of Plant-parasitic Nematodesand Disease Complexes
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Sustainable Approaches to the Management of Plant-parasitic Nematodesand Disease Complexes

机译：植物寄生性线虫和疾病复合物管理的可持续方法

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Physical, chemical, and biological factors of soil may reduce damage caused by plant-parasitic nematodes. Suppression of plant-parasitic nematodes is particularly challenging in soils in which there are short crop sequences, sequential susceptible host crops, or infestations of multiple nematode species. In southern Indiana, a watermelon production system involving rotations with soybean and corn does not suppress Meloidogyne incognita, but several aspects of such systems can be modified to reduce nematode damage in an integrated management approach. Cash crops with resistance to M. incognita can be used to reduce population densities of M. incognita. Small grains as cover crops can be replaced by cover crops with resistance to M. incognita or by crops with biofumigation potential. Mycorrhizal fungal inoculations of potting mixes during transplanting production of watermelon seedlings may improve early crop establishment. Other approaches to nematode management utilize soil suppressiveness. One-year rotations of soybean with corn neither reduced the soil-borne complex of sudden death syndrome (SDS) nor improved soybean root health over that in soybean monoculture. Reduced tillage combined with crop rotation may reduce the activity of soil-borne pathogens in some soils. For example in a long-term trial, numbers of Heterodera glycines and severity of foliar SDS symptoms were reduced under minimum tillage. Thus, sustainable management strategies require holistic approaches that consider entire production systems rather than focus on a single crop in its year of production.
机译：土壤的物理，化学和生物因素可以减少植物寄生线虫引起的破坏。在作物株序短，易感寄主作物或多种线虫物种侵染的土壤中，植物寄生线虫的抑制尤其具有挑战性。在印第安纳州南部，涉及与大豆和玉米轮作的西瓜生产系统并不能抑制南方根结线虫，但是可以通过综合管理方法对此类系统的几个方面进行修改，以减少线虫的危害。对隐杆线虫有抵抗力的经济作物可用于减少隐杆线虫的种群密度。小麦粒作为掩盖作物可以用对隐孢子虫具有抗性的掩盖作物或具有生物熏蒸潜力的作物代替。在西瓜苗移栽生产过程中，盆栽混合物的菌根真菌接种可能会改善作物的早期生长。线虫管理的其他方法利用土壤抑制作用。与大豆单作相比，大豆与玉米轮作一年轮换既不会减少由土壤传播的猝死综合征（SDS），也不会改善大豆根部健康状况。减少耕作与轮作可能会降低某些土壤中土传病原体的活性。例如，在一项长期试验中，在最小耕作量下，杂藻异甘氨酸的数量和叶片SDS症状的严重性降低了。因此，可持续管理战略需要采用整体方法来考虑整个生产系统，而不是在生产年份中只关注单一作物。

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