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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Nematology, with Annual of Applied Nematology >Evidence for Horizontally Transferred Genes Involved in the Biosynthesis of Vitamin B_(15) B_5, and B_7 in Heterodera glycines
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Evidence for Horizontally Transferred Genes Involved in the Biosynthesis of Vitamin B_(15) B_5, and B_7 in Heterodera glycines

机译：杂草甘氨酸中维生素B_（15）B_5和B_7的生物合成涉及水平转移基因的证据。

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Heterodera glycines is a nematode that is highly adapted to manipulate and parasitize plant hosts. The molecular players involved in these interactions have only recently begun to be identified. Here, the sequencing of the second stage juvenile tran-scriptome, followed by a bioinformatic screen for novel genes, identified seven new genes involved in biosynthesis and salvage of vitamins Bi, B5, and B7. With no confirmed reports in the literature, each of these biosynthesis pathways is believed to havebeen lost in multicellular animals. However, eukaryotic-like introns in the genomic sequences of the genes confirmed eukaryotic origin and nematode-specific splice leaders found on five of the cDNAs confirmed their nematode origin. Two of the genes werefound to be flanked by known nematode sequences and quantitative polymerase chain reactions on individual nematodes showed similar and consistent amplification between the vitamin B biosynthesis genes and other known H. glycines genes. This further confirmed then-presence in the nematode genome. Similarity to bacterial sequences at the amino acid level suggested a prokaryotic ancestry and phylogenetic analysis of the genes supported a likely horizontal gene transfer event, suggesting H. glycines re-appropriated the genes from the prokaryotic kingdom. This finding complements the previous discovery of a vitamin B_6 biosynthesis pathway within the nematode. However, unlike the complete vitamin B_6 pathway, many of these vitamin B pathways appear to be missing the initial enzymes required for full de novo biosynthesis, suggesting that initial substrates in the pathways are obtained exogenously. These partial vitamin B biosynthesis enzymes have recently been identified in other single-celled eukaryotic parasites and on rhizobia symbiosis plasmids, indicating that they may play an important role in host-parasite interactions and survival within the plant environment.
机译：杂藻甘氨酸是一种线虫，非常适合操纵和寄生植物宿主。参与这些相互作用的分子参与者直到最近才开始被发现。在此，对第二阶段的青少年转录组进行测序，然后对新基因进行生物信息学筛选，确定了七个新基因，这些新基因涉及维生素B1，B5和B7的生物合成和拯救。在文献中没有证实的报道，据信这些生物合成途径中的每一种在多细胞动物中都已经丢失。但是，基因的基因组序列中的真核样内含子证实了真核生物的起源，而在五个cDNA上发现的线虫特异性剪接前导基因也证实了它们的线虫起源。发现其中两个基因的侧翼是已知的线虫序列，并且单个线虫上的定量聚合酶链反应显示出维生素B生物合成基因与其他已知的H.甘氨酸基因之间相似且一致的扩增。这进一步证实了线虫基因组中的存在。在氨基酸水平上与细菌序列的相似性暗示了原核祖先，并且对该基因的系统发育分析支持了可能的水平基因转移事件，表明H.甘氨酸重新分配了原核王国的基因。该发现补充了线虫中维生素B_6生物合成途径的先前发现。但是，与完整的维生素B_6途径不同，这些维生素B途径中的许多似乎缺少完整的从头生物合成所需的初始酶，表明该途径中的初始底物是外源获得的。这些部分维生素B的生物合成酶最近在其他单细胞真核生物寄生虫和根瘤菌共生质粒中得到鉴定，表明它们可能在植物环境中的宿主-寄生虫相互作用和存活中发挥重要作用。

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