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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Nematology, with Annual of Applied Nematology >The Potential of Five Winter-grown Crops to Reduce Root-knot Nematode Damage and Increase Yield of Tomato
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The Potential of Five Winter-grown Crops to Reduce Root-knot Nematode Damage and Increase Yield of Tomato

机译：五种冬季种植的农作物减少根结线虫危害并提高番茄产量的潜力

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摘要

Broccoli (Brassica oleracea), carrot (Daucus carota), marigold (Tagetes patula), nematode-resistant tomato (Solarium lyco-persicum), and strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) were grown for three years during the winter in a root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) infested field in Southern California. Each year in the spring, the tops of all crops were shredded and incorporated in the soil. Amendment with poultry litter was included as a sub-treatment. The soil was then covered with clear plastic for six weeks and M. meogro'ta-susceptible tomato was grown during the summer season. Plastic tarping raised the average soil temperature at 13 cm depth by 7°C.The different winter-grown crops or the poultry litter did not affect M. incognita soil populationlevels. However, root galling on summer tomato was reduced by 36%, and tomato yields increased by 19% after incorporating broccoli compared to the fallow control. This crop also produced the highest amount of biomass of the five winter-grown crops. Overthe three-year trial period, poultry litter increased tomato yields, but did not affect root galling caused by M. incognita. We conclude that cultivation followed by soil incorporation of broccoli reduced M. incognita damage to tomato. This effect is possibly due to delaying or preventing a portion of the nematodes to reach the host roots. We also observed that M. incognita populations did not increase under a host crop during the cool season when soil temperatures remained low (< 18°C).
机译：西兰花（Brassica oleracea），胡萝卜（Daucus carota），万寿菊（Tagetes patula），抗线虫番茄（Solarium lyco-persicum）和草莓（Fragaria ananassa）在冬季的根结线虫（南方根结线虫（Meloidogyne incognita）出没的田地。每年春季，将所有农作物的顶部切碎并掺入土壤中。包括家禽垫料的修订作为子处理。然后，用透明塑料覆盖土壤六周，并在夏季种植易感M.groota的番茄。塑料防水布将13厘米深处的平均土壤温度提高了7°C。不同的冬季生长的农作物或家禽垫料不会影响马隐孢子虫的土壤水平。但是，与休耕对照相比，夏季西兰花的根gall减少了36％，而加入西兰花后，番茄的产量增加了19％。在五种冬季作物中，该作物的生物量也最高。在三年的试验期内，家禽垫料增加了番茄的产量，但并未影响由隐身支原体引起的根gall。我们得出的结论是，先种植花椰菜再进行土壤培植，可减少番茄隐孢子虫的损害。这种作用可能是由于延迟或阻止了部分线虫到达宿主根部。我们还观察到，在土壤温度保持较低（<18°C）的凉爽季节，在寄主作物下隐孢子虫种群并未增加。

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