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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Neurophysiology >An identified glutamatergic interneuron patterns feeding motor activity via both excitation and inhibition.
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An identified glutamatergic interneuron patterns feeding motor activity via both excitation and inhibition.

机译：识别出的谷氨酸能中间神经元通过激发和抑制来促进运动活动。

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1. Previously we demonstrated that glutamate is an important neurotransmitter in the CNS of Helisoma. Exogenous glutamate applied to the buccal ganglia mimicked both the excitatory and inhibitory effects of subunit 2 (S2) of the tripartite central pattern generator (CPG) on S2 postsynaptic motor neurons. Here we identify buccal interneuron B2 as an S2 interneuron by utilizing a combination of electrophysiology, pharmacology, and intracellular staining. In addition, neurons that were electrophysiologically and morphologically characterized as neuron B2 demonstrated antiglutamate immunoreactivity, suggesting that neuron B2 is a source of endogenous glutamate in the buccal ganglia. 2. Depolarization of neuron B2 evoked excitatory postsynaptic potentials in motor neurons excited by S2. The excitatory effects of B2 depolarization and S2 activation were reversibly antagonized by the ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitro-quinoxaline-2,3-dione, similar to the antagonism shown previously for application of exogenous glutamate. Depolarization of neuron B2 also evoked inhibitory postsynaptic potentials in motor neurons inhibited by S2. When such motor neurons were maintained in isolated cell culture, application of exogenous glutamate produced a direct hyperpolarization of the membrane potential. 3. The activity of neuron B2 is necessary for the production of the standard pattern of buccal motor neuron activity, which underlies functional feeding movements. The subunits of the tripartite buccal CPG must be active in the temporal sequence S1-S2-S3 to produce the standard feeding pattern. Rhythmic inhibition from neuron B2 terminated activity in S1 postsynaptic motor neurons and entrained the frequency of activity in S3 postsynaptic motor neurons. Hyperpolarization of neuron B2 disrupted the production of the standard motor pattern by eliminating S2 postsynaptic potentials in identified buccal motor neurons, thereby prolonging S1 activity and disrupting S3 bursting. 4. These data support the hypothesis that S2 neuron B2 is glutamatergic and demonstrate that glutamatergic transmission, and especially inhibition, is fundamental to the production of behaviorally critical motor neuron activity patterns in Helisoma.
机译：1.以前我们证明了谷氨酸是Helisoma中枢神经系统中重要的神经递质。应用于颊神经节的外源谷氨酸模拟了三方中央模式发生器（CPG）的亚基2（S2）对S2突触后运动神经元的兴奋和抑制作用。在这里，我们通过利用电生理学，药理学和细胞内染色相结合，将颊中神经元B2识别为S2中神经元。此外，在电生理和形态学上被表征为神经元B2的神经元表现出抗谷氨酸的免疫反应性，表明神经元B2是颊神经节中内源性谷氨酸的来源。 2.神经元B2的去极化在S2激发的运动神经元中引起兴奋性突触后电位。离子型谷氨酸受体拮抗剂6-氰基-7-硝基喹喔啉-2,3-二酮可逆地拮抗B2去极化和S2激活的兴奋作用，类似于先前显示的外源性谷氨酸的拮抗作用。神经元B2的去极化作用还引起S2抑制的运动神经元的抑制性突触后电位。当这种运动神经元保持在分离的细胞培养物中时，外源谷氨酸的应用产生膜电位的直接超极化。 3.神经元B2的活性对于产生颊运动神经元活动的标准模式是必需的，而颊侧运动神经元活动是功能性进食运动的基础。三方颊侧CPG的亚基必须在时间序列S1-S2-S3中处于活动状态，以产生标准的进食模式。来自神经元B2的节律性抑制终止了S1突触后运动神经元的活动，并带动了S3突触后运动神经元的活动频率。神经元B2的超极化通过消除已识别的颊部运动神经元中的S2突触后电位来破坏标准运动模式的产生，从而延长S1活性并破坏S3爆发。 4.这些数据支持S2神经元B2具有谷氨酸能这一假说，并证明了谷氨酸能传递，尤其是抑制作用，是Helisoma中行为关键的运动神经元活动模式产生的基础。

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