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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Neurophysiology >Forward and backward arm cycling are regulated by equivalent neural mechanisms.
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Forward and backward arm cycling are regulated by equivalent neural mechanisms.

机译：向前和向后的手臂循环受等效神经机制的调节。

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It was shown some time ago that cutaneous reflexes were phase-reversed when comparing forward and backward treadmill walking. Activity of central-pattern-generating networks (CPG) regulating neural activity for locomotion was suggested as a mechanism involved in this "program reversal." We have been investigating the neural control of arm movements and the role for CPG mechanisms in regulating rhythmic arm cycling. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pattern of muscle activity and reflex modulation when comparing forward and backward arm cycling. During rhythmic arm cycling (forward and backward), cutaneous reflexes were evoked with trains (5 x 1.0 ms pulses at 300 Hz) of electrical stimulation delivered to the superficial radial (SR) nerve at the wrist. Electromyographic (EMG) recordings were made bilaterally from muscles acting at the shoulder, elbow, and wrist. Analysis was conducted on specific sections of the movement cycle after phase-averaging contingent on the timing of stimulation inthe movement cycle. EMG patterns for rhythmic arm cycling are similar during both forward and backward motion. Cutaneous reflex amplitudes were similarly modulated at both early and middle latency irrespective of arm cycling direction. That is, at similar phases in the movement cycle, responses of corresponding sign and amplitude were seen regardless of movement direction. The results are generally parallel to the observations seen in leg muscles after stimulation of cutaneous nerves in the foot during forward and backward walking and provide further evidence for CPG activity contributing to neural activation and reflex modulation during rhythmic arm movement.
机译：前段时间表明，在比较跑步机的向前和向后行走时，皮肤反射是相反的。中央模式生成网络（CPG）的活动调节神经活动的运动被建议为这种“程序逆转”的机制。我们一直在研究手臂运动的神经控制以及CPG机制在调节节律性手臂循环中的作用。这项研究的目的是在比较向前和向后手臂骑行时的肌肉活动和反射调节模式。在有规律的手臂循环（向前和向后）过程中，通过一系列电刺激（在300 Hz下以5 x 1.0 ms脉冲在300 Hz的频率）诱发皮肤反射，这些电刺激传递到腕部的radial神经（SR）。肌电图（EMG）记录是从作用于肩膀，肘部和腕部的肌肉两侧进行的。在根据运动周期中的刺激时机进行相位平均后，对运动周期的特定部分进行分析。在向前和向后运动期间，用于有规律的手臂循环的EMG模式相似。皮肤反射反射幅度在早期和中期潜伏期均受到类似的调节，与手臂的骑车方向无关。也就是说，在运动周期的相似阶段，无论运动方向如何，都可以看到相应符号和幅度的响应。该结果通常与向前和向后行走过程中脚部皮肤神经受到刺激后腿部肌肉中观察到的观察结果一致，并为CPG活性进一步有助于有节奏的手臂运动中神经激活和反射调节提供了证据。

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