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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Neurophysiology >Norepinephrine differentially modulates different types of respiratory pacemaker and nonpacemaker neurons.
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Norepinephrine differentially modulates different types of respiratory pacemaker and nonpacemaker neurons.

机译：去甲肾上腺素差异调节呼吸起搏器和非起搏器神经元的不同类型。

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摘要

Pacemakers are found throughout the mammalian CNS. Yet, it remains largely unknown how these neurons contribute to network activity. Here we show that for the respiratory network isolated in transverse slices of mice, different functions can be assigned to different types of pacemakers and nonpacemakers. This difference becomes evident in response to norepinephrine (NE). Although NE depolarized 88% of synaptically isolated inspiratory neurons, this neuromodulator had differential effects on different neuron types. NE increased in cadmium-insensitive pacemakers burst frequency, not burst area and duration, and it increased in cadmium-sensitive pacemakers burst duration and area, but not frequency. NE also differentially modulated nonpacemakers. Two types of nonpacemakers were identified: "silent nonpacemakers" stop spiking, whereas "active nonpacemakers" spontaneously spike when isolated from the network. NE selectively induced cadmium-sensitive pacemaker properties in active, but not silent, nonpacemakers. Flufenamic acid (FFA), a blocker of ICAN, blocked the induction as well as modulation of cadmium-sensitive pacemaker activity, and blocked at the network level the NE-induced increase in burst area and duration of inspiratory network activity; the frequency modulation (FM) was unaffected. We therefore propose that modulation of cadmium-sensitive pacemaker activity contributes at the network level to changes in burst shape, not frequency. Riluzole blocked the FM of isolated cadmium-insensitive pacemakers. In the presence of riluzole, NE caused disorganized network activity, suggesting that cadmium-insensitive pacemakers are critical for rhythm generation. We conclude that different types of nonpacemaker and pacemaker neurons differentially control different aspects of the respiratory rhythm.
机译：起搏器遍布整个哺乳动物的中枢神经系统。然而，这些神经元如何促进网络活动仍是未知之数。在这里，我们表明，对于隔离在小鼠横切片中的呼吸网络，可以将不同的功能分配给不同类型的起搏器和非起搏器。对去甲肾上腺素（NE）的反应，这种差异变得明显。尽管NE使88％的突触分离的吸气神经元去极化，但这种神经调节剂对不同神经元类型具有不同的作用。 NE在对镉不敏感的起搏器的猝发频率，而不是猝发面积和持续时间中增加，并且在对镉敏感的起搏器的猝发持续时间和面积而不是频率中增加。 NE还差分调制非起搏器。识别出两种类型的非起搏器：“沉默的非起搏器”停止尖峰，而“活动的非起搏器”与网络隔离时会自发尖峰。 NE在主动而非安静的非起搏器中选择性诱导镉敏感的起搏器特性。氟芬那酸（FFA）是ICAN的阻滞剂，它阻断了对镉敏感的起搏器活性的诱导和调节，并在网络水平上阻断了NE引起的猝发面积和吸气网络活动持续时间的增加;频率调制（FM）不受影响。因此，我们提出，对镉敏感的起搏器活动的调制会在网络级别上导致突发形状（而不是频率）的变化。利鲁唑阻止了对镉不敏感的起搏器的调频。在存在利鲁唑的情况下，NE导致网络活动混乱，这表明对镉不敏感的起搏器对于节律的产生至关重要。我们得出的结论是，不同类型的非起搏器和起搏器神经元可以不同地控制呼吸节律的不同方面。

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