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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Neurophysiology >Vestibular perception and navigation in the congenitally blind.
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Vestibular perception and navigation in the congenitally blind.

机译：先天性盲人的前庭知觉和导航。

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Vestibular input is required for accurate locomotion in the dark, yet blind subjects' vestibular function is unexplored. Such investigation may also identify visually dependent aspects of vestibular function. We assessed vestibular function perceptually in six congenitally blind (and 12 sighted) subjects. Cupula deflection by a transient angular, horizontal acceleration generates a related vestibular nerve signal that declines exponentially with time constant approximately 4-7 s, which is prolonged to 15 s in the evoked vestibular-ocular reflex by the brain stem "velocity storage." We measured perceptual velocity storage in blind subjects following velocity steps (overall perceptual vestibular time constant, experiment 1) and found it to be significantly shorter (5.34 s; range: 2.39-8.58 s) than in control, sighted subjects (15.8 s; P < 0.001). Vestibular navigation was assessed by subjects steering a motorized Barany-chair in response to imposed angular displacements in a path-reversal task, "go-back-to-start" (GBS: experiment 2); and a path-completion task, "complete-the-circle" (CTC: experiment 3). GBS performances (comparing response vs. stimulus displacement regression slopes and r(2)) were equal between groups (P > 0.05), but the blind showed worse CTC performance (P < 0.05). Two blind individuals showed ultrashort perceptual time constants, high lifetime physical activity scores and superior CTC performances; we speculate that these factors may be inter-related. In summary, the vestibular velocity storage as measured perceptually is visually dependent. Early blindness does not affect path reversal performance but is associated with worse path completion, a task requiring an absolute spatial strategy. Although congenitally blind subjects are overall less able to utilize spatial mechanisms during vestibular navigation, prior extensive physical spatial activity may enhance vestibular navigation.
机译：为了在黑暗中进行准确的运动，需要前庭输入，但尚未探索盲人前庭的功能。这样的检查还可以识别前庭功能的视觉依赖性。我们在六个先天性盲（和12个有视力）受试者中通过知觉评估了前庭功能。短暂的角向水平加速度使穹ula偏斜产生相关的前庭神经信号，其时间常数约4-7 s呈指数下降，在脑干“速度存储”诱发的前庭眼反射中延长至15 s。我们测量了速度步骤（总知觉前庭时间常数，实验1）后盲人的感知速度存储，发现它比对照组的有视力的对象（15.8 s; P）明显短（5.34 s;范围：2.39-8.58 s）。 <0.001）。前庭导航是通过受试者在转向路径任务“重新开始”中对施加的角位移进行操纵来操纵电动Barany椅子进行评估的（GBS：实验2）;路径完成任务“圆满完成”（CTC：实验3）。两组之间的GBS表现（比较反应与刺激位移回归回归斜率和r（2））相等（P> 0.05），但盲人的CTC表现较差（P <0.05）。两个盲人显示出超短的感知时间常数，较高的终生体力活动得分和出色的CTC性能。我们推测这些因素可能是相互关联的。总之，在视觉上测量的前庭速度存储在视觉上是依赖的。早期失明不会影响路径反转性能，但会导致路径完成效果变差，这是一项需要绝对空间策略的任务。尽管先天失明的受试者总体上在前庭导航过程中无法利用空间机制，但是先前的广泛身体空间活动可能会增强前庭导航。

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