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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Neurophysiology >Context-dependent effects of substantia nigra stimulation on eye movements.
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Context-dependent effects of substantia nigra stimulation on eye movements.

机译：黑质刺激对眼球运动的上下文相关影响。

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摘要

In a series of now classic experiments, an output structure of the basal ganglia (BG)--the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr)--was shown to be involved in the generation of saccades made in particular behavioral contexts, such as when memory was required for guidance. Recent electrophysiological experiments, however, call this original hypothesis into question. Here we test the hypothesis that the SNr is involved preferentially in nonvisually guided saccades using electrical stimulation. Monkeys performed visually guided and memory-guided saccades to locations throughout the visual field. On 50% of the trials, electrical stimulation of the SNr occurred. Stimulation of the SNr altered the direction, amplitude, latency, and probability of saccades. Visually guided saccades tended to be rotated toward the field contralateral to the side of stimulation, whereas memory-guided saccades tended to be rotated toward the hemifield ipsilateral to the side of stimulation. Overall, the changes in saccade vectordirection were larger for memory-guided than for visually guided saccades. Both memory- and visually guided saccades were hypometric during stimulation trials, but the stimulation preferentially affected the length of memory-guided saccades. Electrical stimulation of the SNr produced decreases in visually guided saccades bilaterally. In contrast, memory-guided saccades often had increases in saccade latency bilaterally. Finally, we found approximately 10% reduction in the probability of memory-guided saccades bilaterally. Visually guided saccade probability was unaltered. Taken together the results are consistent with the hypothesis that SNr primarily influences nonvisually guided saccades. The pattern of stimulation effects suggests that SNr influence is widespread, altering the pattern of activity bilaterally across the superior colliculus map of saccades.
机译：在一系列现在经典的实验中，基底神经节（BG）的输出结构-黑质网状组织（SNr）-被证明参与特定行为情境下的扫视的产生，例如何时记忆需要指导。然而，最近的电生理实验使这一原始假设受到质疑。在这里，我们测试了一个假设，即使用电刺激，SNr优先参与非视觉引导的扫视运动。猴子在整个视野中进行视觉引导和记忆引导扫视。在50％的试验中，发生了SNr的电刺激。 SNr的刺激改变了扫视的方向，幅度，潜伏期和概率。视觉引导的扫视镜倾向于朝与刺激侧相对的场旋转，而记忆引导的扫视镜倾向于朝与刺激侧同侧的半场旋转。总体而言，记忆引导下的扫视向量方向变化大于视觉引导下的扫视。在刺激试验中，记忆引导和视觉引导的扫视都是低估的，但是刺激优先影响记忆引导的扫视的长度。产生的SNr的电刺激在视觉引导的双眼中双向减少。相比之下，记忆引导扫视通常在双侧增加扫视潜伏期。最后，我们发现双边记忆引导扫视的可能性降低了约10％。视觉引导的扫视概率保持不变。两者合计，结果与假说SNr主要影响非视觉引导的扫视假说相符。刺激效应的模式表明SNr的影响是广泛的，从而改变了整个上扫视结肠图的双边活动模式。

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