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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Neurophysiology >Cholinergic and electrical motoneuron-to-motoneuron synapses contribute to on-cycle excitation during swimming in Xenopus embryos.
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Cholinergic and electrical motoneuron-to-motoneuron synapses contribute to on-cycle excitation during swimming in Xenopus embryos.

机译：胆碱能和电子运动神经元到运动神经元的突触有助于非洲爪蟾胚胎游泳过程中的循环兴奋。

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1. We have previously shown that Xenopus spinal motoneurons make both chemical and electrical synapses with neighboring motoneurons. Because motoneurons are active during swimming, these synapses would be expected to contribute excitation to their neighbors. The significance of central motoneuron to motoneuron synapses was therefore investigated by analyzing the composition of the fast on-cycle excitation underlying spiking activity during fictive swimming in spinal motoneurons. To accomplish this we developed a method for very local application of drugs around a caudal recorded neuron while still being able to evoke and record essentially unaltered fictive swimming rostrally. 2. Intracellular recordings were made from spinal motoneurons during fictive swimming. Bicuculline (40 microM) and strychnine (2 microM) were used continuously to block inhibitory potentials locally around the motoneurons. The amplitude and duration of the fast excitation underlying spiking activity was measured before and duringlocal applications of excitatory antagonists. 3. The nicotinic antagonists d-tubocurarine (10 microM) and dihydro-beta-erythroidine (10 microM) reduced the amplitude of this excitation by approximately 20%. Nicotinic antagonists also reduced the duration of this fast on-cycle excitation. The kainate/alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX, 10 microM) reduced the amplitude (by approximately 30%) but not the duration of the on-cycle excitation. In the presence of 100 microM Cd2+, which blocks all chemically mediated transmission, a considerable amount (50%) of on-cycle excitation remained. 4. These results suggest that 20% of the on-cycle excitation comes from activation of nicotinic receptors by naturally released acetylcholine (ACh), presumably from other motoneurons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
机译：1.我们以前已经证明，非洲爪蟾的脊髓运动神经元与相邻的运动神经元同时发生化学和电气突触。由于运动神经元在游泳过程中是活跃的，因此预期这些突触会对其邻居产生刺激。因此，通过分析脊髓运动神经元的虚假游泳过程中基于尖峰活动的快速循环激发的组成，研究了中央运动神经元对运动神经元突触的重要性。为了实现这一目标，我们开发了一种在末尾记录的神经元周围非常局部应用药物的方法，同时仍然能够唤起并记录基本不变的虚构游泳。 2.在假想游泳期间从脊髓运动神经元进行细胞内记录。连续使用Bicuculline（40 microM）和strychnine（2 microM）来阻断运动神经元周围的局部抑制电位。在局部使用兴奋性拮抗剂之前和期间，测量了潜在的尖峰活动的快速兴奋的幅度和持续时间。 3.烟碱类拮抗剂d-微管尿素（10 microM）和二氢β-赤藓类素（10 microM）使激发的幅度降低了约20％。烟碱类拮抗剂还缩短了这种快速循环兴奋的持续时间。海藻酸酯/α-氨基-3-羟基-5-甲基-4-异恶唑丙酸（AMPA）拮抗剂6-氰基-7-硝基喹喔啉-2,3-二酮（CNQX，10 microM）降低了振幅（降低了约30％ ），而不是循环激励的持续时间。在100 microM Cd2 +的存在下，它阻止了所有化学介导的传输，仍存在相当数量（50％）的循环激发。 4.这些结果表明，周期激发的20％来自自然释放的乙酰胆碱（ACh）可能是其他运动神经元对烟碱样受体的激活。（摘要截断为250字）

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