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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Neurophysiology >Role of primate magnocellular red nucleus neurons in controlling hand preshaping during reaching to grasp.
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Role of primate magnocellular red nucleus neurons in controlling hand preshaping during reaching to grasp.

机译：灵长类大细胞红细胞核神经元在控制手部抓握过程中的作用。

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Reaching to grasp is of fundamental importance to primate motor behavior and requires coordinating hand preshaping with limb transport and grasping. We aimed to clarify the role of cerebellar output via the magnocellular red nucleus (RNm) to the control of reaching to grasp. Rubrospinal fibers originating from RNm constitute one pathway by which cerebellar output influences spinal circuitry directly. We recorded discharge from individual forelimb RNm neurons while monkeys performed a reach-to-grasp task and two tasks that were similar to the reach-to-grasp task in trajectory, amplitude, and direction but did not include a grasp. One of these, the device task, elicited reaches while holding a handle, and the other, the free-reach task, elicited reaches that did not require any specific hand use for task performance. The results demonstrate that coordinated whole-limb reaching movements are associated with large discharge modulations of RNm neurons predominantly when hand use is included. Therefore RNm neurons can at best only make a minor contribution to the control of reaching movements that lack hand use. We evaluated relations between the discharge of individual RNm neurons and electromyographic (EMG) activity of forelimb muscles during the reach-to-grasp task by comparing times of peak RNm discharge to times of peak EMG activity. The results are consistent with the view that RNm discharge may contribute to EMG activity of both distal and proximal muscles during reaching to grasp especially digit extensor and limb elevation muscles. Relations between the discharge of individual RNm neurons and movements of the metacarpi-phalangeal (MCP), wrist, elbow, and shoulder joints during individual trials of task performance were quantified by parametric correlation analyses on a subset of neurons studied during the reach-to-grasp and free-reach tasks. The results indicate that MCP extensions were consistently preceded by bursts of RNm discharge, and strong correlations were observed between parameters of discharge and the duration, velocity, and amplitude of corresponding MCP extensions. In contrast, relations between discharge and movements of proximal joints were poorly represented, and RNm discharge was not related to the speed of limb transport. Based on our data and those of others, we hypothesize that cerebellar output via RNm is specialized for controlling hand use and conclude that RNm may contribute to the control of hand preshaping during reaching to grasp by activating muscle synergies that produce the appropriate MCP extension at the appropriate phase of limb transport.
机译：掌握手感对于灵长类动物的运动行为至关重要，需要协调手的预塑与四肢的运输和抓握。我们旨在阐明小脑输出通过大细胞红细胞核（RNm）对达到控制的作用。源自RNm的脉络神经纤维构成一种途径，小脑输出可通过该途径直接影响脊髓电路。我们记录了单个前肢RNm神经元的放电情况，而猴子则执行了“抓握”任务，并且在轨迹，幅度和方向上都完成了两项与“抓握”任务相似的任务，但没有把握。其中一项是握住手柄时引发的设备任务，另一项是伸手可及的距离，不需要执行任何特定的手动操作即可达到目标。结果表明，协调的整个肢体到达运动与RNm神经元的大放电调制有关，主要是在包括手使用时。因此，RNm神经元充其量只能对缺乏手部动作的控制做出微小贡献。我们通过比较峰值RNm放电时间与峰值EMG活动时间，评估了触手可及的任务期间单个RNm神经元放电与前肢肌肉的肌电图（EMG）活性之间的关系。该结果与以下观点一致：RNm放电可能在伸手抓握尤其是指伸肌和四肢抬高肌肉时对远端和近端肌肉的EMG活动产生影响。个体RNm神经元放电与任务执行个体试验期间掌指骨（MCP），腕部，肘部和肩关节运动之间的关系，通过对在达到目标时所研究的神经元子集的参数相关分析进行量化。把握和自由活动的任务。结果表明，MCP扩展始终伴随着RNm放电爆发，并且在放电参数与相应MCP扩展的持续时间，速度和幅度之间观察到强烈的相关性。相反，放电与近端关节运动之间的关系很难表示，RNm放电与肢体运输速度无关。根据我们的数据和其他数据，我们假设RNm的小脑输出专门用于控制手部使用，并得出结论，RNm可能通过激活在肌肉上产生适当MCP延伸的肌肉协同作用来帮助控制手握期间的预塑形。适当的肢体运输阶段。

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