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首页> 外文期刊>Clinical psychology review >Gender differences in risk factors and consequences for alcohol use and problems.
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Gender differences in risk factors and consequences for alcohol use and problems.

机译：危险因素的性别差异以及酒精使用和问题的后果。

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摘要

Women drink less alcohol and have fewer alcohol-related problems than men. Women appear to be less likely than men to manifest certain risk factors for alcohol use and problems and are more likely to have certain protective factors against these problems: women perceive greater social sanctions for drinking; women are less likely to have characteristics associated with excessive drinking including aggressiveness, drinking to reduce distress, behavioral undercontrol, sensation-seeking and antisociality; and women are more likely to have desirable feminine traits (e.g., nurturance) protective against excessive drinking. In addition, consequences of heavy alcohol use, or alcohol use disorders, appear to be more negative for women than men, at least in some domains: women suffer alcohol-related physical illnesses at lower levels of exposure to alcohol than men, and some studies suggest women suffer more cognitive and motor impairment due to alcohol than men; women may be more likely than men to suffer physical harm and sexual assault when they are using alcohol; heavy alcohol use in women is associated with a range of reproductive problems. Implications of these findings for future research and public health education campaigns are discussed.
机译：与男性相比，女性喝更少的酒精和更少的酒精相关问题。与男性相比，女性似乎不太可能表现出某些饮酒和问题的危险因素，并且更有可能具有针对这些问题的某些保护因素：女性对饮酒有更大的社会制裁;妇女不太可能具有与过度饮酒有关的特征，包括攻击性，饮酒以减轻困扰，行为受到控制，寻求感觉和反社会;并且女性更有可能具有防止过度饮酒的理想女性特质（例如养育）。此外，酗酒或酗酒失调的后果似乎比男性更不利于女性，至少在某些方面：女性与酒精相关的身体疾病的酒精暴露水平低于男性，并且一些研究建议女性比男性更容易遭受酒精引起的认知和运动障碍;在使用酒精时，女性比男性更容易遭受身体伤害和性侵犯;妇女大量饮酒会导致一系列生殖问题。讨论了这些发现对未来研究和公共卫生教育运动的意义。

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