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Why Do the Boreal Forest Ecosystems of Northwestern Europe Differ from Those of Western North America?

机译:为什么西北欧的北方森林生态系统与北美洲西部的生态系统不同?

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The boreal forest is one of the largest terrestrial biomes on Earth. Conifers normally dominate the tree layer across the biome, but other aspects of ecosystem structure and dynamics vary geographically. The cause of the conspicuous differences in the understory vegetation and the herbivore-predator cycles between northwestern Europe and western North America presents an enigma. Ericaceous dwarf shrubs and 3- to 4-year vole-mustelid cycles characterize the European boreal forests, whereas tall deciduous shrubs and 10-year snowshoe hare-lynx cycles characterize the North American ones. We discuss plausible explanations for this difference and conclude that it is bottom-up: Winter climate is the key determinant of the dominant understory vegetation that then determines the herbivore-predator food-web interactions. The crucial unknown for the twenty-first century is how climate change and increasing instability will affect these forests, both with respect to the dynamics of individual plant and animal species and to their community interactions.
机译:北方森林是地球上最大的陆地生物群落之一。针叶树通常在整个生物群落的树层中占主导地位,但是生态系统结构和动态的其他方面在地理上会有所不同。欧洲西北部和北美西部之间的地下植被和食草动物-捕食者之间的明显差异的原因是一个谜。欧洲北方森林的特征是白垩纪矮矮灌木和3-4年的田鼠狼周期,而北美则以高落叶灌木和10年的雪鞋野兔-天猫座周期为特征。我们讨论了这种差异的合理解释,并得出结论是自下而上的:冬季气候是主要林下植被的关键决定因素,而植被则决定了草食动物与天敌之间的食物网相互作用。在二十一世纪,关键的未知因素是气候变化和不断增加的不稳定性将如何影响这些森林,无论是在单个动植物物种的动态及其社区相互作用方面。

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